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a)
Fe+H2SO4\(\rightarrow\)FeSO4+H2
b)
nH2=\(\frac{10,08}{22,4}\)=0,45(mol)
\(\rightarrow\)nFe=0,45(mol)
mFe=0,45.6=25,2(g)
mCu=38-25,2=12,8(g)
c)
nH2SO4=0,5.1=0,5(mol)
\(\rightarrow\)nH2SO4 dư=0,5-0,45=0,05(mol)
CMFeSO4=\(\frac{0,45}{0,5}\)=0,9(M)
CMH2SO4=\(\frac{0,05}{0,5}\)=0,1(M)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a/\\3Al+2H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{400.9.8\%}{98}=0,4(mol)\\ n_{Al}=a(mol)\\ n_{Zn}=b(mol) m_{hh}=27a+65b=11,9(1)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=1,5a+b=0,4(mol)\\ (1)(2)\\ a=0,2; b=0,1\\ b/\\ \%m_{Al}=\frac{0,2.27}{11,9}.100=45,38\%\\ \%m_{Zn}=54,62\% \)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{19,6\%}=25\left(g\right)\\ V_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{25}{1,84}\approx13,587\left(ml\right)\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe
nH2 = \(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)=0,4 mol
Pt: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
......x.................................0,5x...........1,5x
.....Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
.......y..........................y............y
Ta có hệ pt:
{27x+56y=11
1,5x+y=0,4
⇔x=0,2, y=0,1
% mAl = \(\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}\).100%=49,1%
% mFe = \(\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}\).100%=50,9%
mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,5x . 342 = 0,5 . 0,2 . 342 = 34,2 (g)
mFeSO4 = 152y = 152 . 0,1 = 15,2 (g)
Gọi CTTQ: MxOy
Pt: MxOy + yH2 --to--> xM + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,4}{y}\)<-------0,4
Ta có: 232,2=\(\dfrac{0,4}{y}\)(56x+16y)
⇔23,2=\(\dfrac{22,4x}{y}\)+6,4
⇔\(\dfrac{22,4x}{y}\)=16,8
⇔22,4x=16,8y
⇔x:y=3:4
Vậy CTHH của oxit: Fe3O4
$a)PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2$
$n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{9,45}.100\%\approx 42,86\%$
$\Rightarrow \%m_{Cu}=100-42,86=57,14\%$
$b)$ Theo PT: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,45(mol)$
$\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,45.110\%}{0,5}=0,99M$
Dung dịch Ca(OH)2 không hấp thụ khí CO nên 6,72 lít khí thoát ra chính là khí CO dư.
\(1) Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O \text{Theo PTHH }\\ n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9(mol)\\ \text{Bảo toàn khối lượng : }\\ a = m_{hh} + m_{H_2} - m_{H_2O} = 65,4 + 0,9.2 - 0,9.18 = 51(gam)\)
2)
\(n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b ; n_{Fe} = c\\ \Rightarrow 24a + 27b + 56c = 18,6(1)\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{14,56}{22,4}=0,65(2)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{7,84}{22,4} = 0,35\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a + b + c}{0,5a + 0,75b + \dfrac{2}{3}c} = \dfrac{0,55}{0,35}(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2 ; c= 0,15\\ \%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,2.24}{18,6}.100\% = 25,81\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{18,6}.100\% = 29,03\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% - 25,81\% -29,03\% = 45,16\%\)
