Tìm GTNN: A= 5x^2 + y^2 -4xy -2y +2006
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Ta có: P= \(5x^2+4xy+y^2+6x+2y+2016\)
= \(\left(4x^2+y^2+1+4x+2y+4xy\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+2014\)
= \(\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2014\ge2014\)
(Vì \(\left(2x+y+1\right)^2\ge0;\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\))
Dấu = khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y+1=0\\x+1=0\end{cases}< =>}\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy min P =2014 khi x=-1; y=1
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\(=5\left(x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2\right)+\dfrac{1}{5}y^2-2y+2023\)
\(=5\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{5}\left(y^2-10y+25\right)+2018\)
\(=5\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{5}\left(y-5\right)^2+2018>=2018\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi y=5 và x=2/5y=2
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P=4x2+4xy+y2+x2-4x+4+y2+8y+16+5
=> P=(2x+y)2+ (x-2)2 + (y+4)2 +5
Ta nhận thấy: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x+y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\\\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y+4\right)^2\ge0\forall y\end{cases}}\)
=> P=(2x+y)2+ (x-2)2 + (y+4)2 +5 \(\ge\)5 Với mọi x, y
=> GTNN của P là Pmin = 5
Đạt được khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x+y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\\\left(y+4\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+y=0\\x-2=0\\y+4=0\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=2&y=-4&\end{cases}}\)
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Bài 1
a) \(A=\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=2x^2+x-1=2\left(x^2+\frac{x}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\right)=2\left(x^2+2.\frac{1}{4}.x+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{9}{16}\right)\)\(=2\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2-\frac{9}{16}\right]=2\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2-\frac{9}{8}\)
Vì \(\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow2\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow2\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2-\frac{9}{8}\ge-\frac{9}{8}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x+\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy minA=-9/8 khi x=-1/4
b)\(B=4x^2-4xy+2y^2+1=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+y^2+1=\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(2x-y\right)^2\ge0\\y^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)=>\(\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2\ge0\Rightarrow B=\left(2x-y\right)^2+y^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi (2x-y)2=y2=0 <=> 2x-y=y=0 <=> x=y=0
Vậy minB=1 khi x=y=0
lý luận tương tự bài 1, bài này mình làm tắt
Bài 2:
a) \(C=5x-3x^2+2=-\left(3x^2-5x-2\right)=-3\left(x^2-\frac{5}{3}x-\frac{2}{3}\right)\)
\(=-3\left(x^2-2.\frac{5}{6}.x+\frac{25}{35}-\frac{49}{36}\right)=-3\left[\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2-\frac{49}{36}\right]=\frac{49}{12}-3\left(x-\frac{5}{6}\right)^2\le\frac{49}{12}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=5/6
b)\(D=-8x^2+4xy-y^2+3=3-\left(8x^2-4xy+y^2\right)=3-\left[\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+4x^2\right]\)
\(=3-\left[\left(2x-y\right)^2+4x^2\right]\le3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=0