Cho a, b, c là các số dương:
Chứng minh: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{a+c}+\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\ge4\)
Help me !!
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Ta có : \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=a.\frac{1}{b+c}\le a.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{b}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có :
\(\frac{b+c}{a}\ge4.\frac{a}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{c+a}{b}\ge\frac{4b}{c+a}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{c}\ge\frac{ac}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\ge4.\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a= b = c
Từ bất đẳng thức Cô si ta có:
\(4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\le\left[\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ca}+ca\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ca}+ca\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\le\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\)
Vì vai trò của a, b, c trong bất đẳng thức như nhau, nên không mất tính tổng quát ta giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)nên bất đẳng thức cuối cùng đùng. Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh.
a)
Đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz , ta có :
\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\) (1)
Mà \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}\ge3\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) , suy ra : \(A\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\right]^2}{a+b+c}=4\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{2}{b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+c}{ac}=\frac{2}{b}\Rightarrow b=\frac{2ac}{a+c}\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{a+b}{2a-b}+\frac{c+b}{2c-b}=\frac{a+\frac{2ac}{a+c}}{2a-\frac{2ac}{a+c}}+\frac{c+\frac{2ac}{a+c}}{2c-\frac{2ac}{a+c}}\)
\(=\frac{a\left(a+c\right)+2ac}{2a\left(a+c\right)-2ac}+\frac{c\left(a+c\right)+2ac}{2c\left(a+c\right)-2ac}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+3ac}{2a^2}+\frac{c^2+3ac}{2c^2}=\frac{a^2}{2a^2}+\frac{3ac}{2a^2}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2}+\frac{3ac}{2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3c}{2a}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{3a}{2c}=1+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge1+\frac{3}{2}\cdot2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}}=1+3=4\) (Cauchy)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c\)