\(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}=5\)
\(a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}=?\)
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4)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\frac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\frac{9}{1}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\ge\frac{3}{b^2c}\)
..............................
=> \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi ta có
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^2b}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}\)
\(\frac{b^2}{c^5}+\frac{1}{b^2c}\ge\frac{2}{c^3}\)
\(\frac{c^2}{d^5}+\frac{1}{c^2d}\ge\frac{2}{d^3}\)
\(\frac{d^2}{a^5}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\ge\frac{2}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế của các bđt trên và kết hợp với (1)
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{a^3}\right)+\dfrac{3}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)+\dfrac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^5}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^3}\cdot\dfrac{b^3+a^3}{a^3b^3}+\dfrac{3}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\cdot\dfrac{b^2+a^2}{a^2b^2}+\dfrac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^5}\cdot\dfrac{b+a}{ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^3}\cdot\dfrac{\left(b+a\right)\left(a^2-ab+a^2\right)}{a^3b^3}+\dfrac{3\left(b^2+a^2\right)}{a^2b^2\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}\cdot\dfrac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac{b^2-ab+a^2}{a^3b^3}+\dfrac{3b^2+3a^2}{a^2b^2\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}+\dfrac{6}{ab\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{b^2-ab+a^2}{a^3b^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{3b^2+3a^2}{a^2b^2\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}+\dfrac{6}{ab\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2\cdot\left(b^2-ab+a^2\right)+ab\left(3b^2+3a^2\right)+6a^2b^2}{a^3b^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\left(b^2-ab+a^2\right)+3ab^3+3a^3b+6a^2b^2}{a^3b^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2b^2-a^3b+a^4+2ab^3-2a^2b^2+2a^3b+b^4-ab^3+a^2b^2+3ab^3+3a^2b+6a^2b^2}{a^3b^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{6a^2b^2+4a^3b+a^4+4ab^3+b^4}{a^3b^3\cdot\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
a/ BĐT sai, cho \(a=b=c=2\) là thấy
b/ \(VT=\frac{a^4}{a^2+2ab}+\frac{b^4}{b^2+2bc}+\frac{c^4}{c^2+2ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
c/ Tiếp tục sai nữa, vế phải là \(\frac{3}{2}\) chứ ko phải \(2\), và hy vọng rằng a;b;c dương
\(VT=\frac{a^2}{abc.b+a}+\frac{b^2}{abc.c+b}+\frac{c^2}{abc.a+c}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)+a+b+c}\)
\(VT\ge\frac{9}{3abc+3}\ge\frac{9}{\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{27}+3}=\frac{9}{\frac{3.3^3}{27}+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+b^3\ge3ab^2\) ; \(b^3+c^3+c^3\ge3bc^2\) ; \(c^3+a^3+a^3\ge3ca^2\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\)
\(\frac{a^5}{b^2}+\frac{b^5}{c^2}+\frac{c^5}{a^2}=\frac{a^6}{ab^2}+\frac{b^6}{bc^2}+\frac{c^6}{ca^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}\ge\frac{\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi ta có
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\); \(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\ge\frac{3}{b^2c}\); \(\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{3}{c^2d}\)
\(\frac{1}{d^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge\frac{3}{d^2a}\)
Cộng các BĐt trên ta có
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\ge\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\)(1)
Áp dụng BĐT buniacoxki ta có
\(\left(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{b^2}{c^5}+\frac{c^2}{d^5}+\frac{d^2}{a^5}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{b^2c}+\frac{1}{c^2d}+\frac{1}{d^2a}\right)\ge \left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\right)^2\)
Kết hợp với (1) ta được ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Ta chứng minh BĐT sau với các số dương:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương: \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
b.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\ge\dfrac{12}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+c}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge\dfrac{4}{c+a}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1); (2) và (3):
\(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{5}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
ta có \(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}=5\)
\(=>a^2=5+\frac{1}{a^2}\)
\(=>a^2=\frac{5a^2-1}{a^2}\)
\(=>a^3=\frac{5a^3-1}{a^2}\) 1
\(=>a^3=\frac{a.\left(5a^2-1\right)}{a^2}\)
\(=>a^3=\frac{5a^2-1}{a}\) 2
từ 1 và 2 => \(a^2=a^3\)
=> \(a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}=5\)
Ta có: \(\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^2=a^2+2.a.\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a^2}=a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+2=5+2=7\)
\(\Rightarrow a+\frac{1}{a}=\sqrt{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)^3=\left(\sqrt{7}\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+3.a^2.\frac{1}{a}+3.a.\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{a^3}=7\sqrt{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+3a+3\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a^3}=7\sqrt{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}+3\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)=7\sqrt{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}+3\sqrt{7}=7\sqrt{7}\)
Vậy \(a^3+\frac{1}{a^3}=7\sqrt{7}-3\sqrt{7}=4\sqrt{7}\)