Cho M = \(\dfrac{1+2+3}{4}+\dfrac{4+5+6}{8}+......+\dfrac{97+98+99}{100}\)
N = 1 + \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+.......+\dfrac{1}{25}\)
Tính \(\dfrac{M}{50-N}\) ????
Thánh nào đi quá có tâm làm hộ đi , pờ li T.T
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{2}{98}+\dfrac{3}{97}+\dfrac{4}{96}+...+\dfrac{97}{3}+\dfrac{98}{2}+\dfrac{99}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{99}\right)+\left(1+\dfrac{2}{98}\right)+\left(1+\dfrac{3}{97}\right)+\left(1+\dfrac{4}{96}\right)+...+\left(1+\dfrac{98}{2}\right)+1}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{100}{99}+\dfrac{100}{98}+\dfrac{100}{97}+...+\dfrac{100}{1}+\dfrac{100}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}\)
=100
Ta có: \(N=\dfrac{92-\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{2}{10}-\dfrac{3}{11}-...-\dfrac{90}{98}-\dfrac{91}{99}-\dfrac{92}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{55}+...+\dfrac{1}{495}+\dfrac{1}{500}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{2}{10}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{3}{11}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{90}{98}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{91}{99}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{92}{100}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{8}{9}+\dfrac{8}{10}+\dfrac{8}{11}+...+\dfrac{8}{99}+\dfrac{8}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\dfrac{1}{5}}=40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{M}{N}=\dfrac{100}{40}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
+)Đặt A= \(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{2}{98}+\dfrac{3}{97}+...+\dfrac{99}{1}\)
A= \(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{2}{98}+\dfrac{3}{97}+...+\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)\) (99 chữ số 1)
A= \(\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2}{98}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{98}{2}+1\right)+1\)
A= \(\dfrac{100}{99}+\dfrac{100}{98}+...+\dfrac{100}{2}+1\)
A= \(100.\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{98}+...+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
⇒ M= \(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{2}{98}+...+\dfrac{99}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}\)
M= \(\dfrac{100.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+.....+\dfrac{1}{100}}\)
M= 100 (1)
+) Đặt B= \(92-\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{2}{10}-...-\dfrac{92}{100}\)
B= \(\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)-\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{2}{10}-...-\dfrac{92}{100}\) ( 92 chữ số 1)
B= \(\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{2}{10}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{92}{100}\right)\)
B= \(\dfrac{8}{9}+\dfrac{8}{10}+...+\dfrac{8}{100}\)
B= \(8.\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
⇒ N= \(\dfrac{8.\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{55}+...+\dfrac{1}{500}}\)
N= 8 (2)
Từ (1) và (2)⇒ \(\dfrac{M}{N}\) = \(\dfrac{100}{8}\)= \(\dfrac{25}{2}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{M}{N}=\dfrac{25}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt : \(B=\dfrac{99}{1}+\dfrac{98}{2}+\dfrac{97}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}\)
\(B=\left(\dfrac{99}{1}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{98}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+1\right)-99\)
\(B=\dfrac{100}{1}+\dfrac{100}{2}+\dfrac{100}{3}+...+\dfrac{100}{99}-99\)
\(B=\dfrac{100}{2}+\dfrac{100}{3}+...+\dfrac{100}{99}+\left(100-99\right)\)
\(B=\dfrac{100}{2}+\dfrac{100}{3}+...+\dfrac{100}{99}+\dfrac{100}{100}\)
\(B=100\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
Ta có : \(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}{100\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{100}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt vế đầu là A, vế sau là B.
Vế A:
- Tử:
\(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{2}{98}+\dfrac{3}{97}+...+\dfrac{99}{1}\)
\(=100\left(\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{98}+\dfrac{1}{97}+...+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
\(=100\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{98}+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)\)
Vậy:
\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{2}{98}+\dfrac{3}{97}+...+\dfrac{99}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}\\ =\dfrac{50\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+..+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}}\\ \Rightarrow A=50\)
Vế B:
- Tử:
\(92-\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}-...-\dfrac{92}{100}\\ =\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{2}{10}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{92}{100}\right)\\ =\dfrac{8}{9}+\dfrac{8}{10}+...+\dfrac{8}{100}\\ =\dfrac{40}{45}+\dfrac{40}{50}+...+\dfrac{40}{500}\\ =40\left(\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{55}+...+\dfrac{1}{500}\right)\)
Vậy:
\(B=\dfrac{92-\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}-...-\dfrac{92}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{55}+...+\dfrac{1}{500}}\\ =\dfrac{40\left(\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{55}+...+\dfrac{1}{500}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{45}+\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{50}+...+\dfrac{1}{500}}\\ \Rightarrow B=40\)
Từ 2 vế trên ta tính được \(\dfrac{A}{B}=\dfrac{50}{40}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(B=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}\\ 3B=3+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2003}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}\\ 3B-B=\left(3+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2003}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{2004}}+\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}\right)\\2B=3-\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}\\ B=\dfrac{3-\dfrac{1}{3^{2005}}}{2}\)
b,
\(A=1+5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{49}+5^{50}\\ 5A=5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{50}+5^{51}\\ 5A-A=\left(5+5^2+5^3+5^4+...+5^{50}+5^{51}\right)-\left(1+5+5^2+5^3+...+5^{49}+5^{50}\right)\\ 4A=5^{51}-1\\ A=\dfrac{5^{51}-1}{4}\)
c,
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{4^2-1}\right)......\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2-1}\right)\\ A=\left(\dfrac{1}{4}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{9}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{16}-1\right)......\left(\dfrac{1}{10000}-1\right)\\ A=\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{8}{9}\cdot\dfrac{15}{16}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\dfrac{9999}{10000}\\ A=\dfrac{1\cdot3}{2\cdot2}\cdot\dfrac{2\cdot4}{3\cdot3}\cdot\dfrac{3\cdot5}{4\cdot4}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\dfrac{99\cdot101}{100\cdot100}\\ A=\dfrac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot99}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot100}\cdot\dfrac{3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot101}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot100}\\ A=\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}\\ A=\dfrac{101}{200}\)
d,
\(A=2^{100}-2^{99}+2^{98}-2^{97}+...+2^2-2\\ A=\left(2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\right)-\left(2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2^1\right)\)
Đặt \(A=B-C\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\right)vàC=\left(2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2^1\right)\)
\(B=2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\\ 4B=2^{102}+2^{100}+...+2^4\\ 4B-B=\left(2^{102}+2^{100}+...+2^4\right)-\left(2^{100}+2^{98}+...+2^2\right)\\ 3B=2^{102}-2^2\\ B=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^2}{3}\left(1\right)\)
\(C=2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2^1\\ 4C=2^{101}+2^{99}+...+2^3\\ 4C-C=\left(2^{101}+2^{99}+...+2^3\right)-\left(2^{99}+2^{97}+...+2\right)\\ 3C=2^{101}-2\\ C=\dfrac{2^{101}-2}{3}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^2}{3}-\dfrac{2^{101}-2}{3}\\ A=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^2-2^{101}+2}{3}\\ A=\dfrac{2^{102}-2^{101}+2}{3}\)