Cho 200 ml dd axit photphoric 1.5M vào 250 ml dd natri hidroxit 2M. Viết phản ứng xảy ra và tính nồng độ mol/l của dd tạo thành.
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a, \(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,6.40}{20\%}=120\left(g\right)\)
c, \(m_{NaCl}=0,6.58,5=35,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{12,6}{126}=0,1mol\)
\(Na_2SO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)
a) \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,1mol\) \(\Rightarrow V=2,24l\)
b) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Na_2SO_3}=0,1mol\) \(\Rightarrow C_M=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
c) \(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot142=14,2g\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) PTHH : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
Theo Pt : \(n_{Fe}=n_{H2SO4}=n_{FeSO4}=n_{H2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
b) \(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c) \(C_{MddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
d) \(m_{muối}=m_{FeSO4}=0,2.152=30,4\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\cdot0,5=0,025\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,15\cdot0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,025}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Ba(OH)2 còn dư, dd sau p/ứ có tính kiềm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaCl_2}=0,0075\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2\left(dư\right)}=0,0175\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,0075}{0,05+0,15}=0,0375\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,0175}{0,2}=0,0875\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(m_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}=0,3.95=28,5\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
trc p/ư: 0,15 0,4
p/ư : 0,15 0,3 0,15 0,15
sau p/ư : 0 0,1 0,15 0,15
--> sau p/ư : HCl dư
\(a,m_{CuCl_2}=0,15.135=20,25\left(g\right)\)
\(b,C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\)
\(a)n_{CuO}=\dfrac{12}{80}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}CuCl_2+H_2\\ \dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{CuCl_2}=n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,15mol\\ m_{CuCl_2}=0,15.135=20,25\left(g\right)\\ b)C_{MCuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=0,15.2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{360.21,2\%}{100\%.106}=0,72(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=2,5.0,2=0,5(mol)\\ PTHH:Na_2CO_3+H_2SO_4\to Na_2SO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ a,\text {Vì }\dfrac{n_{Na_2CO_3}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1} \text {nên }Na_2CO_3\text { dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2(l)\\\)
\(b,A:Na_2SO_4\\ n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5(mol)\\ m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=200.1,1=220(g);V_{dd_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{360}{1,2}=300(ml)=0,3(l)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,5.142}{360+200-0,5.44}.100\%=13,2\%\\ C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,3+0,2}=1M\)
a: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.25\cdot2=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10.2}{27\cdot2+16\cdot3}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,5
Vì 0,1/1<0,5/3
nên Al2O3 hết, H2SO4 dư
=>Tính theo Al2O3
b:
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0.3\cdot98=29.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=0.1\left(54+3\cdot96\right)=34.2\left(g\right)\)