tìm max, min
a) y=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\) trên \([1;5]\)
b) y=\(\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}\) trên \([1;3]\)
c) y=\(\sin^2x-\cos x+1\)
d) y=\(\sin^3x-3\sin^2x+2\)
a0
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Lời giải:
\(x\in [-\sqrt{2}; \sqrt{2}]\Rightarrow x^2\leq 2\Rightarrow \sqrt{x^2+1}\leq \sqrt{3}\)
\(y=\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}\geq \frac{x+1}{\sqrt{3}}\geq \frac{-\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Vậy $y_{\min}=\frac{-\sqrt{2}+1}{\sqrt{3}}$ khi $x=-\sqrt{2}$
$y^2=\frac{x^2+2x+1}{x^2+1}=1+\frac{2x}{x^2+1}$
$y^2=2+\frac{2x-x^2-1}{x^2+1}=2-\frac{(x-1)^2}{x^2+1}\leq 2$
$\Rightarrow y\leq \sqrt{2}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=\sqrt{2}$ khi $x=1$
1. 1/x + 2/1-x = (1/x - 1) + (2/1-x - 2) + 3
= 1-x/x + (2-2(1-x))/1-x + 3
= 1-x/x + 2x/1-x + 3 >= 2√2 + 3
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x =√2 - 1
2. a = √z-1, b = √x-2, c = √y-3 (a,b,c >=0)
=> P = √z-1 / z + √x-2 / x + √y-3 / y
= a/a^2+1 + b/b^2+2 + c/c^2+3
a^2+1 >= 2a => a/a^2+1 <= 1/2
b^2+2 >= 2√2 b => b/b^2+2 <= 1/2√2
c^2+3 >= 2√3 c => c/c^2+3 <= 1/2√3
=> P <= 1/2 + 1/2√2 + 1/2√3
Dấu = xảy ra khi a^2 = 1, b^2 = 2, c^2 =3
<=> z-1 = 1, x-2 = 2, y-3 = 3
<=> x=4, y=6, z=2
$A=2x-\sqrt{x}=2(x-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{4^2})-\frac{1}{8}$
$=2(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{4})^2-\frac{1}{8}$
$\geq \frac{-1}{8}$
Vậy $A_{\min}=-\frac{1}{8}$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=\frac{1}{16}$
$B=x+\sqrt{x}$
Vì $x\geq 0$ nên $B\geq 0+\sqrt{0}=0$
Vậy $B_{\min}=0$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x=0$
a) đk: x\(\ge0\);
P = \(\left[\dfrac{x+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\right].\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)
= \(\dfrac{x+2-x+\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}\)
= \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
b) Để P = \(\dfrac{8}{9}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{4\sqrt{x}}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\dfrac{8}{9}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{x-\sqrt{x}+1}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}-2x+2\sqrt{x}-2}{3\left(x-\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=0\)
<=> \(-2x+5\sqrt{x}-2=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a\) (\(a\ge0\))
P = \(\dfrac{4a}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}\)
Xét P + \(\dfrac{4}{9}\) = \(\dfrac{4a}{3a^2-3a+3}+\dfrac{4}{9}=\dfrac{12a+4a^2-4a+4}{9\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2+8a+4}{9\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4\left(a+1\right)^2}{9\left(a^2-a+1\right)}\ge0\)
Dấu "=" <=> a = -1 (loại)
=> Không tìm được Min của P
Xét P - \(\dfrac{4}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{4a}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}-\dfrac{4}{3}=\dfrac{4a-4a^2+4a-4}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{-4a^2+8a-4}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}=\dfrac{-4\left(a-1\right)^2}{3\left(a^2-a+1\right)}\le0\)
<=> \(P\le\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" <=> a = 1 <=> x = 1 (tm)
a) Tìm min max A = \(\frac{4x+3}{x^2+1}\)
b) Cho x + y = 15 Tìm min max B = \(\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{y-3}\)
1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:
\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).
2.
\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)
Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )
\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)
3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)
\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a.
\(y'=\dfrac{2-x}{2x^2\sqrt{x-1}}=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(y\left(1\right)=0\) ; \(y\left(2\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) ; \(y\left(5\right)=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{min}=y\left(1\right)=0\)
\(y_{max}=y\left(2\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b.
\(y'=\dfrac{1-3x}{\sqrt{\left(x^2+1\right)^3}}< 0\) ; \(\forall x\in\left[1;3\right]\Rightarrow\) hàm nghịch biến trên [1;3]
\(\Rightarrow y_{max}=y\left(1\right)=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(y_{min}=y\left(3\right)=\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{10}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{10}}{5}\)
c.
\(y=1-cos^2x-cosx+1=-cos^2x-cosx+2\)
Đặt \(cosx=t\Rightarrow t\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(y=f\left(t\right)=-t^2-t+2\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=-2t-1=0\Rightarrow t=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=2\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=0\) ; \(f\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{min}=0\) ; \(y_{max}=\dfrac{9}{4}\)
d.
Đặt \(sinx=t\Rightarrow t\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(y=f\left(t\right)=t^3-3t^2+2\Rightarrow f'\left(t\right)=3t^2-6t=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=2\notin\left[-1;1\right]\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=-2\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=0\) ; \(f\left(0\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{min}=-2\) ; \(y_{max}=2\)