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\(S=\left(x^2+y^2+1+2xy+2x+2y\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2021\)
\(S=\left(x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2021\ge2021\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-3;2\right)\)
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=a\Rightarrow0< a\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2-\dfrac{2x}{y}+2}{\dfrac{x}{y}+1}=\dfrac{a^2-2a+2}{a+1}=\dfrac{4a^2-8a+8}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2-13a+3+5\left(a+1\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{\left(1-4a\right)\left(3-a\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
\(y\ge xy+1\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x}}\ge2\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(Q=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{y}{x}+\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\)
\(Q=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a^2+a}=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a^2+a}-\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{\left(a-4\right)\left(3a-1\right)}{4\left(a^2+1\right)}+\dfrac{5}{4}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(Q_{min}=\dfrac{5}{4}\) khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
\(M=5x^2+y^2-2x+2y+2xy+2004\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+2y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+4x^2-4x+1+2002\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+2y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+2002\)
\(=\left(x+1+y\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+2003\ge2002\) với mọi x,y
=> \(M_{min}=2002\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+1=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=2002\)
Lời giải:
$A=(x^2+2xy+y^2)+y^2-2\sqrt{2}(x+y)-2y+2022$
$=(x+y)^2-2\sqrt{2}(x+y)+2+(y^2-2y+1)+2019$
$=(x+y-\sqrt{2})^2+(y-1)^2+2019$
$\geq 2019$
Vậy $A_{\min}=2019$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x+y-\sqrt{2}=y-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow y=1; x=\sqrt{2}-1$
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(P=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{2y}{x}+2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right)^2}{1+\dfrac{y}{x}}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{y}{x}=a\ge4\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{2a^2-2a+1}{a+1}=2a-4+\dfrac{5}{a+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a+1}{5}+\dfrac{5}{a+1}+\dfrac{9}{5}.a-\dfrac{21}{5}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{5\left(a+1\right)}{5\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{5}.4-\dfrac{21}{5}=5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=4\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
Nguyễn Việt Lâm Giáo viên làm thế nào để có thể nghĩ được ra như vậy?