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Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})[n+\sqrt{n(n+1)}+n+1)]}=\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}{(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})[n+\sqrt{n(n+1)}+n+1)]}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+(n+1)-\sqrt{n(n+1)}}<\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n(n+1)}-\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}+1\sqrt{1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
......
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Xét dạng tổng quát có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}\left(n+1\right)+n\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left[n-\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}+n+1\right]}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left[n-\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}+n+1\right]}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+\left(n+1\right)-\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)
\(< \frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}-\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}+1\sqrt{1}}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
.....
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế =>\(VT< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{n-1-n}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{-1}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{n}}{-1}=\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{1}=\sqrt{n}-1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right).\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2.n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
b)\(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)
\( S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
\(a,\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(n+1-n\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}-\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
b, \(S=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{4}+4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{400\sqrt{399}+399\sqrt{400}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Liên hợp ta thấy:
\(2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})=2.\frac{(n+1)-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(1)\)
\(2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})=2.\frac{n-(n-1)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)
------------------------
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>1+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+2(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})+...+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S>1+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{2})>18(*)\)
Và:
\(S< 1+2(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+....+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1})=19(**)\)
Từ $(*); (**)$ suy ra $18< S< 19$ (đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\\\frac{2}{2\sqrt{n}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ đây ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt{n}-0\right)=2\sqrt{n}\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}>2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-1\right)>\sqrt{n}\)
Gọi \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=A\)là A
Có \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}>...>\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
=> \(A>n.\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}\)(1)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=2\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
Khi đó: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}< 2\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}< 2\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
=> \(A< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}+...+\sqrt{1}\right)\)
=> \(A< 2\sqrt{n}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\sqrt{n}< A< 2\sqrt{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\sqrt{n+1}-2\sqrt{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{n-1}\)
suy ra dpcm
tck nha