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bài 1) Đặt \(B=\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\)
Ta có: \(A=B.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(B.\frac{p}{m-n}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{p}{m-n}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}\)
\(=1+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left[\frac{\left(n-p\right).n}{mn}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).m}{mn}\right]=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{n^2-np+pm-m^2}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{\left(m-n\right).mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p^2-pm-pn}{mn}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(m+n\right)}{mn}\)
Vì m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
\(=>B.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(-p\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^2}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\left(1\right)\)
\(B.\frac{m}{n-p}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{m}{n-p}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).n}{np}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).p}{np}\right]=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{mn-n^2+p^2-mp}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m.\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{\left(n-p\right).np}=1+\frac{m.\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m^2-mn-mp}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m\left(n+p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m.\left(-m\right)}{np}=1+\frac{2m^2}{np}=1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\left(2\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>n+p=-m)
\(B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{n}{p-m}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).m}{pm}+\frac{\left(n-p\right).p}{pm}\right]=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{m^2-mn+np-p^2}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{\left(p-m\right).pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n^2-np-mn}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n\left(p+m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n.\left(-n\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^2}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\left(3\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>p+m=-n)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra :
\(A=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}=3+\frac{2.\left(m^3+n^3+p^3\right)}{mnp}\)
*Tới đây để tính được m3+n3+p3,ta cần CM được bài toán phụ sau:
Đề: Cho m+n+p=0.CMR: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\)
Từ m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
Ta có: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=\left(m+n\right)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2+p^3=-p^3-3mn\left(m+n\right)+p^3\)
\(=-3mn\left(m+n\right)=-3mn.\left(-p\right)=3mnp\)
Vậy ta đã CM được bài toán phụ
*Trở lại bài toán chính: \(A=3+\frac{2.3mnp}{mnp}=3+\frac{6mnp}{mnp}=3+6=9\)
Vậy A=9
bài 2)
a)Nhận thấy các thừa số của A đều có dạng tổng quát sau:
\(n^3+1=n^3+1^3=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
\(n^3-1=n^3-1^3=\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
suy ra \(\frac{n^3+1}{n^3-1}=\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{2^3+1}{2^3-1}=\frac{\left(2+1\right).\left[\left(2-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(2-1\right).\left[\left(2+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{3.\left(1,5^2+0,75\right)}{1.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(\frac{3^3+1}{3^3-1}=\frac{\left(3+1\right).\left[\left(3-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(3-1\right).\left[\left(3+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{4.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}{2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
...........................
\(\frac{10^3+1}{10^3-1}=\frac{\left(10+1\right).\left[\left(10-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(10-1\right).\left[\left(10+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{9.\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(=>A=\frac{3\left(1,5^2+0,75\right).4\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)........11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{1\left(2,5^2+0,75\right).2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)........9\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}=\frac{3.4........11}{1.2......9}.\frac{1,5^2+0,75}{10,5^2+0,75}\)
\(=\frac{10.11}{2}.\frac{1}{37}=\frac{2036}{37}\)
Vậy A=2036/37
b) có thể ở chỗ 1+1/4 bn nhầm,phải là \(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\) ,mà chắc cũng chẳng sao,vì 14=1 mà
Nhận thấy các thừa số của B có dạng tổng quát:
\(n^4+\frac{1}{4}=n^4+n^2+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2\right)^2+2.n^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-n^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}-n\right)\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}+n\right)\)
\(B=\frac{\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1\right).\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}+1\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}+3\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}-3\right)..........\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}-9\right).\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}+9\right)}{\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}-2\right).\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}+2\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}-4\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}+4\right)......\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}-10\right).\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10\right)}\)
Mặt khác,ta cũng có: \(\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(a+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+2a+1-a-1+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+a+\frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(B=\frac{1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1}{10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10}=\frac{1}{221}\)
Vậy B=1/221
\(\frac{m^3-n^3-3mn\left(m-2\right)}{m^2+n^2-2mn}\)
\(=\frac{m^3-n^3-3m^2n+3mn^2}{m^2-2mn+n^2}\)
\(=\frac{m^3-3m^2n-3mn^2-n^3}{m^2-2mn+n^2}=\frac{\left(m-n\right)^3}{\left(m-n\right)^2}=m-n\)
Thay m = 6,75 , n = -3,25 ta có :
6,75 - ( - 3,25 ) = 6,75 + 3,25 = 10
Vậy giá trị biểu thức trên bằng 10 khi m = 6,75 ; n = -3,25
a)\(A=\left(\frac{1}{x-2}-\frac{2x}{4-x^2}+\frac{1}{2+x}\right)\left(\frac{2}{x}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{x-2}+\frac{2x}{x^2-4}+\frac{1}{x+2}\right)\left(\frac{2}{x}-1\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{x-2}+\frac{2x}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}+\frac{1}{x+2}\right)\left(\frac{2}{x}-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(\frac{x+2+2x+x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\right)\left(\frac{x-2}{x}\right)\)
\(=-\left(\frac{4x}{x\left(x+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-4}{x+2}\)
a) Ta có: \(N=\left(\frac{x+3}{x-3}+\frac{18}{9-x^2}+\frac{x-3}{x+3}\right):\left(1-\frac{x+1}{x+3}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(x+3\right)^2}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}-\frac{18}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}+\frac{\left(x-3\right)^2}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\right):\left(\frac{x+3}{x+3}-\frac{x+1}{x+3}\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2+6x+9-18-\left(x^2-6x+9\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}:\frac{2}{x+3}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+6x-9-x^2+6x-9}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\cdot\frac{x+3}{2}\)
\(=\frac{12x-18}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\cdot\frac{x+3}{2}\)
\(=\frac{12x-18}{x-3}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{12x-18}{2x-6}\)
b)
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3\ne0\\x+3\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne3\\x\ne-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(N=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{12x-18}{2x-6}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x-18=\frac{6-2x}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x-18=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x-18-3+x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow13x-21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow13x=21\)
hay \(x=\frac{21}{13}\)(tm)
Vậy: Khi \(N=-\frac{1}{2}\) thì \(x=\frac{21}{13}\)
c) Để N<0 thì 12x-18 và 2x-6 khác dấu
*Trường hợp 1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x-18>0\\2x-6< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x>18\\2x< 6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>\frac{3}{2}\\x< 3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{2}< x< 3\)
*Trường hợp 2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x-18< 0\\2x-6>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x< 18\\2x>6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x< \frac{3}{2}\\x>3\end{matrix}\right.\)(vô lý)
Vậy: Khi N<0 thì \(\frac{3}{2}< x< 3\)
a) ĐKXĐ: x∉{0;-5;5}
Ta có: \(M=\left(\frac{x}{x+5}-\frac{5}{5-x}+\frac{10x}{x^2-25}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{5}{x}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{x}{x+5}+\frac{5}{x-5}+\frac{10x}{x^2-25}\right)\cdot\frac{x-5}{x}\)
\(=\left(\frac{x\left(x-5\right)}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}+\frac{5\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}+\frac{10x}{\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)}\right)\cdot\frac{x-5}{x}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+5\right)^2}{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-5\right)}\cdot\frac{x-5}{x}\)
\(=\frac{x+5}{x-5}\cdot\frac{x-5}{x}=\frac{x+5}{x}\)
b) Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{20}x+1\)
⇒\(\frac{x+5}{x}=\frac{x}{20}+1\)
⇒\(\frac{20\left(x+5\right)}{20x}-\frac{x^2}{20x}-\frac{20x}{20x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow20x+100-x^2-20x=0\)
⇔\(100-x^2=0\)
⇔\(\left(10-x\right)\left(10+x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}10-x=0\\10+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=10\left(tm\right)\\x=-10\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: x∈{10;-10}
c) Để M là số nguyên thì x+5⋮x
mà x⋮x
nên 5⋮x
⇔x∈Ư(5)
⇔x∈{1;-1;5;-5}
mà x∉{5;-5}
nên x∈{1;-1}
Vậy: Khi x∈{1;-1} thì M là số nguyên
đặt \(A=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=A.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=A.\frac{p}{m-n}+A.\frac{m}{n-p}+A.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
giờ ta xét từng hạng tử 1 nhé:
\(A.\frac{p}{m-n}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{p}{m-n}\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{\left(n-p\right).n+m.\left(p-m\right)}{m.n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n^2-pn+m.p-m^2}{m.n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{\left(n-m\right).\left(n+m\right)+p.\left(m-n\right)}{m.n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{\left(p-m-n\right).\left(m-n\right)}{m.n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p.\left(p-m-n\right)}{m.n}\)
\(=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(m+n\right)}{m.n}\)
bây h ta sẽ sử dụng giả thiết \(m+n+p=0\Rightarrow m+n=-p\)
\(\Rightarrow A.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p^2+p^2}{m.n}=1+\frac{2p^3}{m.n.p}\)
CM tương tự ta có: \(A.\frac{m}{n-p}=\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\) ; \(A.\frac{n}{p-m}=\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=A.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=A.\frac{p}{m-n}+A.\frac{m}{n-p}+A.\frac{n}{p-m}=3+\frac{2\left(p^3+m^3+n^3\right)}{m.n.p}\)
\(m+n+p=0\Rightarrow\left(m+n+p\right).\left(m^2+p^2+n^2-mn-mp-np\right)=0\Leftrightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3-3mnp=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\)
\(S=3+\frac{2.3mnp}{mnp}=3+6=9\)
Vậy \(S=9\Leftrightarrow m+n+p=0\)