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a) \(\lim \frac{{3n - 1}}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\left( {3 - \frac{1}{n}} \right)}}{n} = \lim \left( {3 - \frac{1}{n}} \right) = 3 - 0 = 3\)
b) \(\lim \frac{{\sqrt {{n^2} + 2} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{\sqrt {{n^2}\left( {1 + \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} \right)} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\sqrt {1 + \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} }}{n} = \lim \sqrt {1 + \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} = 1 + 0 = 1\)
c) \(\lim \frac{2}{{3n + 1}} = \lim \frac{2}{{n\left( {3 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}} = \lim \left( {\frac{2}{n}.\frac{1}{{3 + \frac{1}{n}}}} \right) = \lim \frac{2}{n}.\lim \frac{1}{{3 + \frac{1}{n}}} = 0.\frac{1}{{3 + 0}} = 0\)
d) \(\lim \frac{{\left( {n + 1} \right)\left( {2n + 2} \right)}}{{{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{n\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right).2n\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}}{{{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{2{n^2}{{\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}^2}}}{{{n^2}}}\)
\( = \lim 2{\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)^2} = 2.{\left( {1 + 0} \right)^2} = 2\)
a) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{2n^2+3n}{n^2+1}=\lim\limits\dfrac{n^2\left(2+\dfrac{3n}{n^2}\right)}{n^2\left(1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\lim\limits\dfrac{2+\dfrac{3}{n}}{1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=2\).
b) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{4n^2+3}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2\left(4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}\right)}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt[n]{4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\sqrt{4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}}\\ =2.\)
\(a=\lim\dfrac{5n\left(n+\sqrt{n^2-n-1}\right)}{n+1}=\lim\dfrac{5\left(n+\sqrt{n^2-n-1}\right)}{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}=\dfrac{+\infty}{1}=+\infty\)
\(b=\lim\dfrac{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{n}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{n^3}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}}}{1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}}=\dfrac{0}{1}=0\)
\(c=\lim\dfrac{\sqrt{2n^2-1+\dfrac{7}{n^2}}}{3+\dfrac{5}{n}}=\dfrac{+\infty}{3}=+\infty\)
\(d=\lim\dfrac{\sqrt{3+\dfrac{2}{n}}-1}{3-\dfrac{2}{n}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{3}\)
\(a=\lim4^n\left(1-\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^n\right)=+\infty.1=+\infty\)
\(b=\lim\left(4^n+2.2^n+1-4^n\right)=\lim2^n\left(2+\dfrac{1}{2^n}\right)=+\infty.2=+\infty\)
\(c=limn^3\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{n}-\dfrac{3}{n^4}+\dfrac{11}{n^6}}-1\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(d=\lim n\left(\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\sqrt{3-\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)=+\infty\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)=-\infty\)
\(e=\lim\dfrac{3n\sqrt{n}+1}{\sqrt{n^2+3n\sqrt{n}+1}+n}=\lim\dfrac{3\sqrt{n}+\dfrac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{n}}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}+1}=\dfrac{+\infty}{2}=+\infty\)
\(\lim\dfrac{n\sqrt{1+2+...+2n}}{3n^2+n-2}=\lim\dfrac{n\sqrt{\dfrac{2n\left(2n+1\right)}{2}}}{3n^2+n-2}=\lim\dfrac{\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{n}}}{3+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{2}{n^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(a=\lim n\left(\sqrt[3]{-1+\dfrac{2}{n}-\dfrac{5}{n^3}}\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(b=\lim\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)=+\infty\)
\(c=\lim n\left(\dfrac{1}{n^2+n}-1\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(d=\lim\left(\dfrac{2n^2-1-2n\left(n+1\right)}{n+1}\right)=\lim\left(\dfrac{-1-2n}{n+1}\right)=-2\)
\(e=\lim\dfrac{2n^2+n-3+\dfrac{1}{n}}{\dfrac{2}{n}-3}=\dfrac{+\infty}{-3}=-\infty\)
\(1,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{-n^2+2n+1}{\sqrt{3n^4+2}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{n^2}{n^4}+\dfrac{2n}{n^4}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{3n^4}{n^4}+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}=\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n^2}+\dfrac{2}{n^3}+\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)=\dfrac{-lim\dfrac{1}{n^2}+2lim\dfrac{1}{n^3}+lim\dfrac{1}{n^4}}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}\)
\(=\dfrac{0}{\sqrt{lim\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n^4}\right)}}=0\)
\(2,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{4n-\sqrt{16n^2+1}}{n+1}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4n}{n^2}-\sqrt{\dfrac{16n^2}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{n}{n^2}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}}{\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{lim\left(\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\dfrac{lim\left(\dfrac{4}{n}-\sqrt{16+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy giới hạn \(\left(2\right)\) không xác định.
\(3,\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}\right)\left(3\right)\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{9n^2+n+1}-3n}{2n}=\dfrac{\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}}{\dfrac{2}{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3\right)=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{2lim\dfrac{1}{n}}=\dfrac{lim\left(\sqrt{9+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\dfrac{3}{n}\right)}{0}\)
Vậy \(lim\left(3\right)\) không xác định.
\(a,lim\left(\sqrt{n^2+n+1}-n\right)\)
\(=lim\dfrac{n^2+n+1-n^2}{\sqrt{n^2+n+1}+n}\)
\(=lim\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}+1}=\dfrac{1}{1+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\lim\dfrac{\sqrt[]{n^3+2n}-2n^2}{3n+1}=\lim\dfrac{\sqrt[]{n+\dfrac{2}{n}}-2n}{3+\dfrac{1}{n}}=\lim\dfrac{n\left(\sqrt[]{\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{2}{n^3}}-2\right)}{3+\dfrac{1}{n}}\)
\(=\dfrac{+\infty\left(0-2\right)}{3}=-\infty\)
\(a=\lim\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4n+1}+2\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{\infty}=0\)
\(b=\lim n\left(\sqrt{1+\dfrac{2}{n}}-\sqrt{1-\dfrac{2}{n}}-1\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(c=\lim4^n\left(\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{9}{16}\right)^n-\left(\dfrac{3}{16}\right)^n}-1\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(d=\lim n^3\left(3+\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)=+\infty.3=+\infty\)
\(lim\frac{\sqrt{n^6-n+1}+n^2}{3n^2\sqrt{n^2-1}}=lim\frac{\sqrt{n^6-n+1}+n^2}{3\sqrt{n^6-n^4}}\)
\(=lim\frac{\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n^5}+\frac{1}{n^6}}+\frac{1}{n}}{3\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n^2}}}\)(chia cả tử và mẫu cho n3
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1-0+0}+0}{3\sqrt{1-0}}=\frac{1}{3}\)