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Ex1: Join each pair of sentences. Use the words in brackets:
1. Mary came to class late. Her motobike had a puncture (because)
=> Mary came to class late because her motorbike had a puncture.
2. I enjoyes the film. The story was silly (in spite of)
=> In spite of the silly story, I enjoyed the film.
3. We live in the same street. We hardly ever see, each other (despite)
=> Despite living in the same street, we hardly ever see each other.
A. Choose the best answer:
1. ________ having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job
A. Although B. While C. In spite of D. Despite of
2. ________ the internet is very popular, many older people do not know how to use it
A. However B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. Despite
3. _________ he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take part in the inter-university athletics meet.
A. Although B. While C. Where as D. yet
4. __________ what Megan prepared for the job interview, she didn’t pass it.
A. Despite of B. In spite of C. Though D. However
5. Bruce was not praised_________ he was a hard worker.
A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. no matter how
6. It looks like they are going to succeed_________ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. although C. in spite D. even though
7. Mary usually goes to parties. She likes meeting people and crowded places ________she is rather shy.
A. In spite of B. Even though C. On the contrary D. In other words
8. Ann: Have you decided to get the job? Terry: Yes, I’ve just decided. I’ll accept that job_________ it is not suitable with my major. It is not an interesting job, ________ the salary is very good.
A. although / but B. despite / and C. but / though D. yet / however
9. ________, he has continued to work on his thesis.
A. Although all these problems B. Even though there are problems
C. Despite of all these problems D. In spite of there are problems
10. In spite of ____________, he was determined to finish his work.
A. was seriously ill. B. be seriously ill
C. his serious illness D. he was seriously ill
11. _______ some German and British management styles are similar, there are many differences betweenthem.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. although D. Despite
12. I could not eat _______ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. despite of
13. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain
14. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
15. _______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
16. The children slept well despite _______.
A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
17. She left him _______ she still loved him.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
18. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of
19. _______ they are brothers, they do not look alike.
A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of
20. Our new neighbors are quite nice _______ they are sometimes talkative
A. despite B. in spite of C. though D. as though
A. Choose the best answer:
1. ________ having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job
.A. Although B. While C. In spite of D. Despite of
2. ________ the internet is very popular, many older people do not know how to use it
.A. However B. Nevertheless C. Even though D. Despite
3. _________ he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take part in the inter-university athletics meet.
A. Although B. While C. Where as D. yet
4. __________ what Megan prepared for the job interview, she didn’t pass it.
A. Despite of B. In spite of C. Though D. However
5. Bruce was not praised_________ he was a hard worker
.A. despite B. in spite of C. although D. no matter how
6. It looks like they are going to succeed_________ their present difficulties.
A. despite B. although C. in spite D. even though
7. Mary usually goes to parties. She likes meeting people and crowded places ________she is rather shy.
A. In spite of B. Even though C. On the contrary D. In other words
8. Ann: Have you decided to get the job? Terry: Yes, I’ve just decided. I’ll accept that job_________ it is not suitable with my major. It is not an interesting job, ________ the salary is very good.
A. although / but B. despite / and C. but / though D. yet / however
9. ________, he has continued to work on his thesis.
A. Although all these problems B. Even though there are problems
C. Despite of all these problems D. In spite of there are problems
10. In spite of ____________, he was determined to finish his work.
A. was seriously ill. B. be seriously ill C. his serious illness D. he was seriously ill
11. _______ some German and British management styles are similar, there are many differences betweenthem.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. although D. Despite
12. I could not eat _______ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite C. despite D. despite of
13. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.
A. the rain B. of the rain B. it was raining D. there was a rain
14. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although
15. _______, he walked to the station.
A. Despite being tired B. Although to be tired C. In spite being tired D. Despite tired
16. The children slept well despite _______.
A. it was noise B. the noise C. of the noise D. noisy
17. She left him _______ she still loved him.
A. even if B. even though C. in spite of D. despite
18. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A. In spite B. Even though C. In spite of D. Despite of
19. _______ they are brothers, they do not look alike.
A. Although B. Even C. Despite D. In spite of
20. Our new neighbors are quite nice _______ they are sometimes talkative
A. despite B. in spite of C. though D. as though
Choose the best answer
21. _______ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain.
A. In spite B. Despite C. But D. Although
22. _____________, he could not finish the job.
A. As hard as he work B. Despite he worked hard C. Though he worked hard D. Although hard work
23. He went to work _____________ his headache.
A. despite B. although C. because D. because of
24. Despite the fact that _______, we enjoyed our trip.
A. the weather is bad B. it is a bad weather C. the bad weather D. the weather was bad
25. Julie failed the exam _______ of working very hard.
A. despite B. in spite C. even if D. though
26. Tom went to work despite _______.
A. that he did not feel very well B. of the fact not feeling well C. he did not feel very well D. not feeling very well
27. Though _______, they are good friends.
A. their sometimes quarrel B. to have a quarrel sometimes C. they sometimes have a quarrel D. of having a quarrel sometimes
28. Despite _______, we arrived on time.
A. the traffic B. of the traffic C. there was heavy traffic D. of there was heavy traffic
29. ___________it was very cold, she did not put on her coat.
A. In case B. But C. Even if D. Although
30. __________ rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the football games
A. Despite B. Although C. Despite of D. Although
31. __________it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
32. We understood him __________ he spoke very fast.
A. because of B. though C. in spite of D. despite
33. _________ all my warnings, he tried to fix the computer himself.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
34. Hans finished school __________ his leg injury.
A. because of B. despite C. though D. because
35. I try to do my homework ___________ the noise
A. because of B. although C. despite of D. in spite of
36. ___________ it rained heavily, we enjoyed our holiday.
A. Because of B. Because C. Despite D. Though
37. ___________ having little money, they are happy.
A. Despite B. Because of C. Although D. Because
38. ____________ she was not well, she still went to work.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
39. We are going to have a picnic _____________ the bad weather.
A. because B. despite C. although D. because of
40. __________ his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
A. Because of B. Because C. Though D. Despite
Choose the best answer
21. _______ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain.
A. In spite B. Despite C. But D. Although
22. _____________, he could not finish the job.
A. As hard as he work B. Despite he worked hard C. Though he worked hard D. Although hard work
23. He went to work _____________ his headache.
A. despite B. although C. because D. because of
24. Despite the fact that _______, we enjoyed our trip.
A. the weather is bad B. it is a bad weather C. the bad weather D. the weather was bad
25. Julie failed the exam _______ of working very hard.
A. despite B. in spite C. even if D. though
26. Tom went to work despite _______.
A. that he did not feel very well B. of the fact not feeling well C. he did not feel very well D. not feeling very well
27. Though _______, they are good friends.
A. their sometimes quarrel B. to have a quarrel sometimes C. they sometimes have a quarrel D. of having a quarrel sometimes
28. Despite _______, we arrived on time.
A. the traffic B. of the traffic C. there was heavy traffic D. of there was heavy traffic
29. ___________it was very cold, she did not put on her coat.
A. In case B. But C. Even if D. Although
30. __________ rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the football games
A. Despite B. Although C. Despite of D. Although
31. __________it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
32. We understood him __________ he spoke very fast.
A. because of B. though C. in spite of D. despite
33. _________ all my warnings, he tried to fix the computer himself.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
34. Hans finished school __________ his leg injury.
A. because of B. despite C. though D. because
35. I try to do my homework ___________ the noise
A. because of B. although C. despite of D. in spite of
36. ___________ it rained heavily, we enjoyed our holiday.
A. Because of B. Because C. Despite D. Though
37. ___________ having little money, they are happy.
A. Despite B. Because of C. Although D. Because
38. ____________ she was not well, she still went to work.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
39. We are going to have a picnic _____________ the bad weather.
A. because B. despite C. although D. because of
40. __________ his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
A. Because of B. Because C. Though D. Despite
Find a mistake and correct it
1.In spite of her severe pain, she tried to walk to the auditorium to attend the lecture True
2.Despite of=>X growing industrial activity, the majority of the American people continued to make their living from farming until the beginning of the twentieth century
3.Although our grandfather was old but=>X he could help us
4.He tried to explain, so=>but she refused to listen
5.He decided not to get that job in spite of=>because the salary was low
6.Although=>despite the bad traffic, I managed to arrive at the meeting on time
7.In spite of=>although my father is old, he still goes to work
8.Though he loves her very much, but=>X he can't talk to her
9.She always behaves childishly despite=>although she has grown up
In spite of their mother’s unhappiness, they held a party.
-Though ……their mother was unhappy, they held a party…………………..
3.We took many photographs even thought the sky was dark.
-We took may photographs despite the dark sky…………………
4.Despite her madness, he wanted to make friends with her.
-Though…she was mad, he wanted to make friends with her………………
5.In spite of her poor memory, she tried to recount what happened to the police.
-Although……her memory was poor, she tried to recount what happened to the police…………
6.He passed the test even though he was frequently absent from class.
-He passed the test in spite of……his frequent absence from class………………………
Combine each pair of sentences below, using given world.
1. He is very rich. He isn't happy. (although)
→ Although he is very rich, he isn't happy.
2. Elvis ate the chicken and rice. He also ate two hamburgers. (NOT ONLY)
→ Elvis not only ate chicken and rice but also ate two hamburgers.
3. Gino ate the dinner. Then he washed the dishes. (AFTER)
→ Gino washed the dishes after he ate the dinner,
4. He tried. He was not successful (ALTHOUGH)
→ Although he tried, he was not successful.
5. We know him. We know his friends. (AND)
→ We know both him and his friends.
6. The coat was soft. The coat was warm. (BOTH... AND...)
→ The coat both was soft and warm.
7. I wanted to go. He wanted to stay. (BUT)
→ I wanted to go, but he wanted to stay.
8. You can go there by bus. You can go there by train. (EITHER)
→ Either you can go there by bus or by train.
9. I was feeling tired. I went to bed when I got home. (SO)
→ I was feeling tired, so I went to bed when I got home.
10. He watched the film on DVD until midnight. He has an examination today. (DESPITE)
→ He watched the film on DVD until midnight despite his examination today.
11. I couldn't sleep. I was tired. (IN SPITE OF)
→ In spite of being tired, I couldn't sleep.
12. We planned to visit Petronas in the afternoon. We could not aford the fee (HOWEVER)
→ We planned to visit Petronas in the afternoon. However we could not aford the fee.
13. The new restaurant looks good. It seems to have few customers. (HOWEVER)
→ The new restautant looks good. However it seems to have few customers.
14. I've been too busy to answer my mail. I'll do it soon. (NEVERTHELESS)
→ I've been too busy to answer my mail. Nevertheless I'll do it soon.
15. Isabel had apologised several times. Nevertheless, Pau wouldn't speak to her. (BUT)
→ Isabel had apologised several times, but Pau wouldn't speak to her.
III. Change clauses of concession to phrases.
1. She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
-> She didn't eat much despite her hunger.
2. He couldn’t solve the problem though he is good at maths.
-> He couldn't solve the problem in spite of being good at maths.
3. Mr Pike doesn’t wear glasses though he is over sixty.
-> Mr. Pike doesn't wear glasses despite being over sixty.
4. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine.
-> In spite of his experience in machinery, he didn't succeed in repairing this machine.
5. Although it got dark, they continued to work.
-> Despite the dark, they continued to work.
6. Although it was noise, I kept on studying.
-> In spite of the noise, I kept on studying.
7. Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
-> Despite the heavy rain, I went to school on time.
8. The flight was not delayed though it was foggy.
-> In spite of the fog, the flight was not delayed.
9. He ate all the fruits though they were green.
-> Despite the fruits's being green, he ate all of them.
10. We did the test well though it was difficult.
-> We did the test in spite of its difficulty.
11. Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.
-> Despite his strength, I'm not afraid of him.
12. Everybody has great regard for him though he is poor.
-> Everybody has great regard for him despite his poverty.
13. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
-> The plane took off despite the bad weather.
14. He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red.
-> He didn't stop his car despite the red traffic lights.
15. He studied very well though his life was hard at that time.
-> He studied very well despite his hard life at that time.
16. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
-> Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city.
17. Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
-> Despite his good English, he wasn't chosen.
18. Although he’s got an English name, he is in fact German.
-> Despite his English name, he is in fact German.
19. He always studies hard though he encounters difficulties.
-> He always studies hard despite the difficulties he encounters.
20. Although the weather is bad, we are going to have a picnic.
-> Despite the bad weather, we are gonig to have a picnic.
21. Although he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep.
-> Despite not having finished the paper, he went to sleep.
22. She attended the class although she didn’t feel alert.
-> She attended the class despite not feeling alert.
23. The child ate the cookies even though his mother had told him not to.
-> The child ate the cookies despite his mother's having told him not to.
24. She drank coffee to keep herself warm although she disliked it.
-> She drank coffee to keep herself warm despite her dislike for it.
25. Mary will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.
-> Mary will take a plane despite her dislike for flying.
26. Although Mary was sad, she managed to smile.
-> Despite Mary's sadness, she managed to smile.
27. The old woman told interesting stories to the children although her memory was poor.
-> The old woman told interesting stories to the children despite her poor memory.
28. Though he had been absent frequently, he was managed to pass the test.
-> Despite his frequent absence, he managed to pass the test.
29. He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet.
-> He ate the chocolate cake despite being on diet.
30. Although the prices are high, my daughters insist on going to the movie.
-> Despite the high prices, my daughters insist on going to the movies.
195. The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go sailing.
The weather wasn’t good enough for us to go sailing.
_______________________________________________________
196. The plane took off before we arrived at the airport.
By the time ____________we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off.
_________________________________________________
197. I don’t live in a big city, so I can’t go to the cinema very often.
If _________I lived in a big city, I could go to the cinema very often.
____________________________________________________________
198. She never seems to succeed even though she works hard.
In spite of ______her hard work, she never seems to succeed ________________________________________________________
199. Jeanie is the tallest girl in her class.
No one _________in Jeanie's class is as tall as her.
________________________________________________________
200. You didn’t plan things at the start, so we are in this mess now.
If ________you had planned things at the start, we wouln't be in this mess now.
_____________________________________________________________
201. My father bought a car with a sun roof.
The car _______with a sun roof was bought by my father.
________________________________________________________
202. It’s said that English people are quiet and severed.
English people __________is said to be quiet and severed.
_________________________________________________
203. Fiona had to get on the plane though she was afraid of flying.
Despite ____________being afraid of flying, Fiona had to get on the plane.
____________________________________________________
204. Foxes can use their noses to find their dinners because they have a keen sense of smell.
Because of __________having a keen sense of smell, foxes can use their noses to find their dinners.
____________________________________________________
205. He was very old, but he walked ten miles everyday.
Despite ____________his old age, he walked ten miles everyday.
____________________________________________________
195. The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go sailing.
The weather wasn’t _GOOD ENOUGH FOR US TO GO SAILING____
196. The plane took off before we arrived at the airport.
By the time __WE ARRIVED AT THE AIRPORT, THE PLANE HAD TAKEN OFF_
197. I don’t live in a big city, so I can’t go to the cinema very often.
If ___I LIVED IN A BIG CITY, I COULD go to the cinema very often___
198. She never seems to succeed even though she works hard.
In spite of _WORKING HARD, She never seems to succeed __
199. Jeanie is the tallest girl in her class.
No one ___IN JEANIE'S CLASS IS TALLER THAN HER_
200. You didn’t plan things at the start, so we are in this mess now.
If __YOU HAD PLANNED THINGS AT THE STAR, WE WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN IN THIS MESS NOW____
201. My father bought a car with a sun roof.
The car ___WITH A SUN ROOF WAS BOUGHT BY MY FATHER_
202. It’s said that English people are quiet and severed.
English people __IS SAID TO BE QUIET AND SEVERED_________
203. Fiona had to get on the plane though she was afraid of flying.
Despite ___THE FACT THAT FIONA was afraid of flying, SHE had to get on the plane__
204. Foxes can use their noses to find their dinners because they have a keen sense of smell.
Because of ___HAVING a keen sense of smell, Foxes can use their noses to find their dinners__
205. He was very old, but he walked ten miles everyday.
Despite ___THE FACT THAT He was very old, he walked ten miles everyday. _______
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASON
I/ Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. he is tired, he can’t work longer.
A. Because B. Even though C. Although D. Besides
2. it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.
A. If B. Since C. Although D. Because
3. it was late, we decided to take a taxi home.
A. Because B. Since C. Because of D. Although
4. you subtract 7 from 12, you will have 5.
A. Because B. If C. Though D. As
5. We couldn’t reach the house the road was flooded.
A. because B. because of C. if D. though
6. he has a headache, he has to take an aspirin.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
7. The flight had to be delayed the bad weather.
A. because B. Because of C. despite D. when
8. he comes to the theater with me, I shall go alone.
A. Because of B. Because C. Unless D. When
9. Take a map with you you lose your way.
A. so B. because C. although D. in case
10. rain or snow, there are always more than fifty thousand fans at the football games.
A. Even though B. Because C. Despite D. Because of
11. his illness, he had to cancel the appointment.
A. However B. Despite C. If D. Because of
12. Minh had a terrible headache. , he went to school.
A. However B. But C. Although D. Because
13. Tom has a bike, he always walks to school.
A. but B. because of C. because D. despite
14. My sister will take the plane she dislikes flying.
A. because B. so that C. although D. before
15. We decided to leave the party early it was boring.
A. due to B. because C. but D. and
16. The students arrived late the traffic jam.
A. because B. owing to C. despite D. so
17. he missed the first bus, he came ten minutes late.
A. Since B. Although C. However D. Therefore
18. his physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.
A. In spite of B. Because of C. If D. Although
19. It was difficult to deliver the letter the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope.
A. though B. but C. so D. because
20. it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
A. However B. But C. Although D. Because
21. He didn’t answer the questions correctly _______.
A. although he isn’t intelligent B. because he is intelligent
C. in spite of his intelligence D. despite his intelligent
22. ______, I can’t hear what he is saying.
A. Because of the noise B. Because of the soft music
C. Though the music is noise D. In spite of the noise music
23. _____, I feel very refresh.
A. Because I work very hard B. Although I get up early
C. Because of getting up early D. Despite getting up late
24. They live happily ______.
A. because they have no money B. though they are rich
C. in spite of their poverty D. because of their poor
25. He can’t join in the volunteer campaign _______.
A. although he is busy B. because he hurts his legs
C. in spite of working very hard D. because of registering for it
26. Though he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
A. Despite his carelessness, he had an accident yesterday.
B. Despite he drove carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
C. In spite of driving carefully, he had an accident yesterday.
D. In spite of a careful drive, he had an accident yesterday.
27. He was very tired but he kept on working.
A. Despite very tired, he kept on working.
B. Though his tiredness, he kept on working.
C. Although he was very tired, but he kept on working.
D. He kept on working although he was very tired.
28. Although it rained heavily, they went on working.
A. In spite of the rain heavily, they went on working.
B. In spite of the raining heavily, they went on working.
C. Despite the heavy rain, they went on working.
D. Though the fact that it rained heavily, they went on working.
29. Cars cause pollution but people still want them.
A. Because cars cause pollution, people want them.
B. Despite the fact that cars cause pollution, people want them.
C. Cars cause pollution although people want them.
D. Cars cause pollution because people still want them.
30. She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much.
A. In spite of her serious illness, she enjoyed life very much.
B. Although she enjoyed life very much, she was seriously ill.
C. She was seriously ill because she enjoyed life very much.
D. Despite seriously ill, she enjoyed life very much.
II/ Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting:
31. My friends advised her to stop doing the housework because=> because of her old age.
A B C D
32. Because=> Because of the invention of machines such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines,
A B
women spend less time doing the housework.
C D
33. John didn’t go to work because of=> because he was seriously ill.
A B C D
34. In spite of=> Though my father is old, he still goes to work.
A B C D
35. Peter succeeded in his exam because of=> because he worked hard and methodically.
A B C D
36. Rice plants grow well because the climate is warmly=> warm and damp.
A B C D
37. The plane couldn’t take off because=> because of the bad weather.
A B C D
38. He couldn’t drive fast owing to=> because the street was crowded and narrow.
A B C D
39. The train was late because the fog is=> was thick.
A B C D
40. Since=> Because of the difficult test, I couldn’t finish it on time.
A B C D
III/ Rewrite these sentences
1. He was late for school because his bike was broken.
à ……He was late for school….because of ……his broken bike…
2. Although he runs very fast, he isn’t tired.
à Despite ……he runs very fast , he isn’t tired..
3. Most people think jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog.
à Because ...most people think jogging is a good exercise,they begin to jog..
4. The air in the country is polluted, but people like to live there.
à ....People like to live in the country... though .....the air there is polluted....
5. Computers can be used for various purposes, so they become very popular today.
à Because of .......being used for various purposes, computers become very popular today......
6. If you passed the exam, your parents would be very happy.
à …Your parents would be very happy.. because …you passed the exam……
7. Because of the hot weather, we go to the beach.
à If …the weather is hot, we will go to the beach…
8. Tom understands the lesson. However, he couldn’t apply in the exercises.
à …Tom couldn’t apply in the exercises... although …he understands the lesson...
9. They played very well. Therefore, they won the game.
à Because …they played very well, they won the game…
10. The suitcase is too heavy for Tom to bring.
à …Tom can't bring the suitcase…. because it is too heavy…….
1.Mary came to class late because his motorbike had a puncture.