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Ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Nên ta cần CM \(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac\ge a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Theo đề bài ta có
\(a\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)\le0\)=> \(a^3\le3a^2-2a\)
Tương tự với b,c => \(a^3+b^3+c^3\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left(a-2\right)\left(b-2\right)\ge0\)=> \(ab\ge2\left(a+b\right)-4\)
Tương tự => \(ab+bc+ac\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)-12\)
Khi đó BĐT <=>
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+4\left(a+b+c\right)-12\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
<=> \(3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-6\)
<=>\(\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(b-2\right)+\left(c-1\right)\left(c-2\right)\le0\)(luôn đúng với giả thiết)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left(a,b,c\right)=\left(2;2;2\right),\left(2;2;1\right),....\)và các hoán vị
Ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Nên \(BĐT\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\ge a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Ta có \(a\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow a^3\le3a^2-2a\)
Tương ta ta có: \(b^3\le3b^2-2b;c^3\le3c^2-2c\)
Cộng từng vế của các bđt trên: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\le a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đặt \(\)\(K=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta lại có
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow a^2\le3a-2\)
Tương tự \(b^2\le3b-2;c^2\le3c-2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\le3\left(a+b+c\right)-6\)(1)
\(\left(a-2\right)\left(b-2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab\ge2a+2b-4\)
Tương tự \(bc\ge2b+2c-4;ca\ge2c+2a-4\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)-12\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(K\le6\left(a+b+c\right)-12-2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(-\left[4\left(a+b+c\right)-12\right]=0\)
\(K\le0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\le a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
hay \(\text{Σ}_{cyc}a^2+\text{Σ}_{cyc}ab+3\text{Σ}_{cyc}\left(a+b\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left(a,b,c\right)\in\left(2;2;1\right)\)và các hoán vị hoặc \(a=b=c=2\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
Áp dụng giả thiết và một đánh giá quen thuộc, ta được: \(16\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)hay \(\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\frac{8}{9}\)
Đến đây, ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho ba số dương ta có \(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}=a+b+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}}\)hay \(\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3\ge\frac{27\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2\sqrt{a+c}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có \(\frac{1}{\left(b+c+2\sqrt{b+a}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}\); \(\frac{1}{\left(c+a+2\sqrt{c+b}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)Phép chứng minh sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chỉ ra được \(\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đây là một đánh giá đúng, thật vậy: đặt a + b + c = p; ab + bc + ca = q; abc = r thì bất đẳng thức trên trở thành \(pq-r\ge\frac{8}{9}pq\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{9}pq\ge r\)*đúng vì \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\); \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\))
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{4}\)
Dat A la bieu thuc cho truoc ve trai
tu gia thiet => a(b+c)=3-bc
ta co: 1+a^2(b+c)= 1+a.a.(b+c) = 1+a.(3-bc) = 1+3a-abc
cmtt ta co : 1+b^2(a+c)=1+b.b(a+c)=1+3b-abc
Va: 1+c^2(a+b)=1+3c-abc
Ap dung bdt Cosi cho 3 so ta co
ab+ac+bc >= 3.can bac 3(a^2.b^2.c^2)
=> 3>= 3.can bac 3(a^2.b^2.c^2)
=> a^2.b^2.c^2<=1
=> abc<=1
=> 1+3a-abc>=3a
cmtt 1+3b-abc>=3b
1+3c-abc>=3c
=> A<=1/3a+1/3b+1/3c=(bc+ac+ab)/3abc=1/abc
cho 2 số thực a , b phân biệt thỏa mãn a^2 +3a=b^2 +3b=2
c/m: a, a+b=-3 b,a^3+b^3=-45
giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\ge0\)
Ta có: \(a+\frac{b}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-b^2\right)\ge0\Rightarrow a+\frac{b}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)
\(b+\frac{a}{2}-\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{2}\left(ab-a^2\right)\le0\Rightarrow b+\frac{a}{2}\le\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}\)
Tương tự: \(b+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}\ge c+\frac{b}{2};a+\frac{c}{2}\ge\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\ge c+\frac{a}{2}\)
Lại có:+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)
\(\ge\left(a-b\right)\left(b+\frac{a}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(a+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{-1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\frac{a^3-b^3}{a+b}+\frac{b^3-c^3}{b+c}+\frac{c^3-a^3}{c+a}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a+b}+\left(b-c\right)\frac{b^2+bc+c^2}{b+c}-\left(a-c\right)\frac{a^2+ac+c^2}{a+c}\)
\(\le\left(a-b\right)\left(a+\frac{b}{2}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(b+\frac{c}{2}\right)-\left(a-c\right)\left(c+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\left(2\right)\)
Từ 1,2 => đpcm
BĐT đã cho tuong duong voi:
\(\left|\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\right|\le\frac{1}{4}\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
Theo AM-GM ta có: \(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le\frac{9}{8}\cdot\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{a+b+c}\)
Có: \(VT\le\frac{9}{8}\left|\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{\left(a+b+c\right)}\right|=\frac{9\sqrt{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}}{8\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Cần chứng minh: \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left[\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\right]^2\ge9\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2\)
Rõ ràng \(\Sigma\left(a-b\right)^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
Cần cm: \(36\left(a+b+c\right)^2\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^4\left(b-c\right)^4\left(c-a\right)^4}\ge9\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^6\left(b-c\right)^6\left(c-a\right)^6}\)
Hay \(4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
Tiếp tục là điều hiển nhiên do \(VT\ge4\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\right]\)
\(=2\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge6\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\ge VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=0\\a-b=b-c=c-a\\a=b=c\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c.\)
Sử dụng AM - GM ta dễ có:
\(abc\left(a+b+c\right)=bc\left(a^2+ab+ac\right)\le\left(\frac{a^2+ab+bc+ca}{2}\right)^2=\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}\right]^2=\frac{1}{4}\)
Suy ra đpcm
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
Đặt: \(A=\frac{a}{bc\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{b}{ca\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{c}{ab\left(c+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{c}}{1+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{a}}{1+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{a}}{1+\frac{1}{c}}\)
Đặt: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{1}{b}\\z=\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
\(A=\frac{xy}{z+1}+\frac{yz}{x+1}+\frac{zx}{y+1}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{xy}{z+1}=\frac{xy}{\left(z+x\right)+\left(z+y\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{xy}{x+z}+\frac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\frac{yz}{x+1}\le\frac{yz}{x+y}+\frac{yz}{x+z}\)
\(\frac{zx}{y+1}\le\frac{zx}{x+y}+\frac{zx}{y+z}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Theo đề bài ta có
\(a\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\)=> \(a^2b\ge a^2+ab-a\)
\(b\left(1-c\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\)=> \(b^2c\ge b^2+bc-b\)
Tương tự \(c^2a\ge c^2+ac-c\)
Khi đó
\(VT\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-\left(a+b+c\right)=2^2-2=2\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=1,c=0\)và các hoán vị
\(DPCM\Leftrightarrow P=a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)\le\frac{108}{529}\)
Ta có: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Rightarrow a^2\left(b-c\right)\le0\left(1\right)\)
\(b^2\left(c-b\right)=4.\frac{b}{2}.\frac{b}{2}.\left(c-b\right)\le4\left(\frac{\frac{b}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+c-b}{3}\right)^3=\frac{4c^3}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{4c^3}{27}+c^2\left(1-c\right)=c^2\left(1-\frac{23c}{27}\right)=\frac{23c}{54}.\frac{23c}{54}\left(1-\frac{23c}{27}\right).\frac{54^2}{23^2}\)
Tiếp
\(\le\left(\frac{\frac{23c}{54}+\frac{23c}{54}+1-\frac{23c}{27}}{3}\right)^3.\frac{54^2}{23^2}=\frac{1}{27}.\frac{54^2}{23^2}=\frac{108}{529}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a^2\left(b-c\right)=0\\\frac{b}{2}=c-b\\\frac{23c}{54}=1-\frac{23c}{27}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=0\\b=\frac{2}{3}c\\c=\frac{18}{23}\end{cases}}\)