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a) 2AgNO3+CaCl2---->2AgCl+Ca(NO3)2
n AgNO3=1,7/170=0,01(mol)
n CaCl2=2,22/111=0,02(mol)
----> CaCl2 dư
Theo pthh
n AgCl=n AgNO3=0,01(mol)
m AgCl=0,01.143,5=14,35(g)
V dd sau pư=70+30=`100ml=0,1(l)
n CaCl2 dư=0,02-0,005=0,015(mol)
CM CaCl2=0,015/0,1=0,15(M)
Theo pthh
n Ca(NO3)2=1/2 n AgCl=0,005(mol)
CM Ca(NO3)2=0,005/0,1=0,05(M)
Bài 2
BaCl2+H2SO4--->BaSO4+2HCl
a) n BaCl2=400.5,2/100=20,8(g)
n BaCl2=20,8/208=0,1(mol)
m H2SO4=100.1,14.20/100=22,8(g)
n H2SO4=22,8/98=0,232(mol)
---->H2SO4 dư
Theo pthh
n BaSO4=n BaCl2=0,1(mol)
m BaSO4=0,1.233=23,3(g)
b) m dd sau pư=400+114-23,3
=490,7(g)
Theo pthh
n HCl=2n BaCl2=0,2(mol)
C%HCl=\(\frac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}.100\%=1,88\%\)
n H2SO4 dư=0,232-0,1=0,132(mol)
C% H2SO4=\(\frac{0,132.98}{490,7}.100\%=2,64\%\)
B1:
\(n_{AgNO3}=0,01\left(mol\right);n_{CaCl2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:\(2AgNO3+CaCl2\rightarrow2AgCl2\downarrow+Ca\left(NO3\right)2\)
Trước :0,01................0,02..........................................................(mol)
Pứng:\(0,01\rightarrow0,005\rightarrow0,01\rightarrow0,005\)
Dư: 0............................0,015......................................................(mol)
\(m\downarrow_{AgCL}=0,01.143,5=1,435\left(g\right)\)
Trong dd sau phản ứng chứa: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Ca\left(NO3\right)2:0,005\left(mol\right)\\CaCl2:0,015\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C_{M_{Ca\left(NO3\right)2}}=\frac{0,005}{0,1}=0,05M\)
\(C_{M_{CaCl2}}=\frac{0,015}{0,1}=0,15M\)
Bài 2:\(n_{BaCl2}=\frac{400.5,2}{100.208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(D=\frac{m_{dd}}{v_{dd}};C\%=\frac{m_{ct}}{m_{dd}}.100\Rightarrow m_{H2SO4}=\frac{D.v.d^2.C\%}{100}=22,8g\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=0,23\left(mol\right)\)
\(BaCl2+HSO4\rightarrow BaSO4\downarrow+2HCl\)
0,1..............0,1............0,1.................0,2.....(mol)
\(a,m_{\downarrow}=0,1.223=23,3\left(g\right)\)
\(b,m_{dd_{saupu}}=m_{BaCl2}+m_{dd_{H2SO4}}-m_{\downarrow}_{BaSO4}\)
\(=400+1,14.100-23,3=490,7\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\frac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}.100\%=1,48\%\)
\(\%H2SO4_{du}=\frac{\left(0,23-0,1\right).98}{490,7}.100=2,59\%\)
mddH2SO4 = 100 . 1,137 = 113,7
nH2SO4 = 113,7 . 20%/98 = 0,232 mol
nBaCl2 = 400 . 5,29%/208 = 0,1 mol
H2SO4 + BaCl2 —> BaSO4 + 2HCI
Bđ: 0,232 0,1
Pứ: 0,1 0, 1 0,1 0,2
Sau pứ: 0,132 0
mBaSO4 = 0,1.233 = 23,3 gam
Khối lượng dung dịch sau khi lọc bỏ kết tủa:
mddB = mddH2SO4 + mddBaCl2 - mBaSO4 = 490,4
C%HCI = 0,2.36,5/490,4 = 1,49%
C%H2SO4 dư = 0,132.98/490,4 = 2,64%
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208.15\%}{208}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{150.19,6\%}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,13-0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,3.36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\\ m_{BaSO_4}=233.0,15=34,95\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=208+150-34,95=323,05\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{323,05}.100\approx3,39\%\)
\(C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{14,7}{323,05}.100\approx4,55\%\)
\(a)n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{58,8.20}{100.98}=0,12mol\\ n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{200.5,2}{100.208}=0,05mol\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,12}{1}>\dfrac{0,05}{2}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\\ BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)
0,05 0,05 0,05 0,1
\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65g\\ b)m_{dd}=58,8+200-11,65=247,15g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{247,15}\cdot100=1,48\%\\ C_{\%H_2SO_4,dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,12-0,05\right).98}{247,15}\cdot100=2,78\%\)
a) mBaCl2 = 20,8 g => nBaCl2 = 0,1 mol
mH2SO4 = \(\frac{m_{dd}C\%}{100}\) = \(\frac{100.1,14.20}{100}\) = 22,8 g => nH2SO4 ≃ 0,2 mol
BaCl2 + H2SO4➝ BaSO4↓ + 2HCl
bđ: 0,1 0,2
pứ: 0,1 0,1
dư: 0 0,1
Vậy BaCl2 hết, H2SO4 dư, bài toán tính theo BaCl2
nBaSO4 = nBaCl2 = 0,1 mol
=> mBaSO4 = 23,3 g
b) nHCl = 2nBaCl2 = 0,1 mol
=> CM = 1 M
nH2SO4dư = 0,1 mol => CM = 1 M
a, \(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_{4\downarrow}+2HCl\)
b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=114.20\%=22,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,8}{96}=0,2375\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{BaCl_2}=400.5,2\%=20,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2375}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2375-0,1=0,1375\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 114 + 400 - 23,3 = 490,7 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1375.98}{490,7}.100\%\approx2,75\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}.100\%\approx1,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd NaOH = 62,5.1,12 = 70 (g)
=> \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{70.16\%}{40}=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=aM\\C_{M\left(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\right)}=bM\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,1b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,2a<----0,1a
2NaOH + Cu(NO3)2 --> Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
0,2b<-----0,1b--------->0,1b
Cu(OH)2 --to--> CuO + H2O
0,1b------------>0,1b
=> \(0,1b=\dfrac{1,6}{80}=0,02\)
=> b = 0,2
Có: nNaOH = 0,2a + 0,2b = 0,28
=> a = 1,2
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=1,2M\\C_{M\left(Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2\right)}=0,2M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{11.20}{100}2,2g\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{2,2}{98}\approx0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{BaCl_2}=20,8g\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
H2SO4 + BaCl2 \(\rightarrow\) BaSO4 + 2HCl
de: 0,02 0,1
pu: 0,02 0,02 0,02 0,04
spu: 0 0,08 0,02 0,04
\(m_{ddspu}=11+400-m_{BaSO_4}=406,34g\)
\(m_{ct}=m_{BaSO_4}+m_{BaCl_2dư}=21,3g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{ct}}{m_{ddspu}}.100\%\approx5,24\%\)
Chất tan chỉ có BaCl2. Còn BaSO4 bị kết tủa, không tan trong dung dịch. Nếu trong dung dịch chứa nhiều chất tan thì phải tính C% với mỗi chất tan.
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{114.20\%}{98}\approx0,23mol\)
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\frac{400.5,2\%}{208}=0,1mol\)
PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
Xét tỷ lệ: \(n_{BaCl_2}< n_{H_2SO_4}\)
Vậy \(H_2SO_4\) dư
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,23-0,1.2=0,03mol\)
Theo phương trình \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1mol\) và \(n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,2mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3g\) và \(m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3g\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{ddsau}=114+400-23,3=490,7g\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=\frac{2,94}{490,7}.100\%\approx0,599\%\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\frac{7,3}{490,7}.100\%\approx1,49\%\)
Vậy chọn A.