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\(M=\frac{x}{x^2+1}+\frac{y}{y^2+1}+\frac{z}{z^2+1}\le\frac{x}{2x}+\frac{y}{2y}+\frac{z}{2z}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Nên max M là \(\frac{3}{2}\) khi x=y=z=1
\(x+y+z=3\ge x,y,z\)\(\Rightarrow M\ge\frac{x}{10}+\frac{y}{10}+\frac{z}{10}=\frac{3}{10}\)
Nên min M là \(\frac{3}{10}\) khi trong x,y,z có 2 số bằng 0 và 1 số bằng 3
Ta có \(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{2x}\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{2y}\le\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)\)
\(\sqrt{1+z^2}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(z+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{1+z^2}+\sqrt{2x}+\sqrt{2y}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)\le6\sqrt{2}\)
Ta lại có \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\le\sqrt{3\left(x+y+z\right)}\le3\)
Theo đề bài ta có
\(\sqrt{1+x^2}+\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{1+z^2}+3\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
\(\le6\sqrt{2}+\left(3-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\le3\sqrt{2}+9\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Với a,b,c dưog thì \(\dfrac{x^2}{a}+\dfrac{y^2}{b}+\dfrac{z^2}{c}>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xy+yz+xz+\sqrt{1+x^3}+\sqrt{1+y^3}+\sqrt{1+z^3}}\)
\(\sqrt{1+x^3}=\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x+x^2\right)}< =\dfrac{2+x^2}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
=>\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2+6}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+6}\)
Đặt t=(x+y+z)^2(t>=36)
=>P>=2t/t-6
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\dfrac{t}{t+6}\left(t>=36\right)\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=\dfrac{6}{\left(t+6\right)^2}>=0,\forall t>=36\)
=>f(t) đồng biến
=>f(t)>=f(36)=6/7
=>P>=12/7
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=2
Lời giải:
$xy+yz+xz=\frac{1}{2}[(x+y+z)^2-(x^2+y^2+z^2)]=\frac{1}{2}(a^2-b^2)$
$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{c}$
$\Rightarrow xyz=c(xy+yz+xz)=\frac{1}{2}c(a^2-b^2)$
Khi đó:
$P=(x+y+z)^3-3(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)$
$=(x+y+z)^3-3[(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)-xyz]=(x+y+z)^3-3(xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)+3xyz$
$=a^3-\frac{3}{2}a(a^2-b^2)+\frac{3}{2}c(a^2-b^2)$
\(A\le\sqrt{3\left(x+y+y+z+z+x\right)}=\sqrt{6\left(x+y+z\right)}\le\sqrt{6.\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}}=\sqrt{6\sqrt{3}}\)
\(A_{max}=\sqrt{6\sqrt{3}}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=1\Rightarrow0\le x;y;z\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\le x\\y^2\le y\\z^2\le z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge x^2+y^2+z^2=1\)
\(A^2=2\left(x+y+z\right)+2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+2\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(A^2=2\left(x+y+z\right)+2\sqrt{x^2+xy+yz+zx}+2\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}+2\sqrt{z^2+xy+yz+zx}\)
\(A^2\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)+2\sqrt{x^2}+2\sqrt{y^2}+2\sqrt{z^2}=4\left(x+y+z\right)\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\)
\(A_{min}=2\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;0;1\right)\) và các hoán vị
\(\dfrac{x}{x^2+yz}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+zx}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+xy}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2yz}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2zx}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2xy}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1.
Áp dụng bđt côsi ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)4}\le\frac{x+y+4}{2}\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{\left(z+y\right)4}\le\frac{y+z+4}{2}\left(2\right)\\\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)4}\le\frac{z+x+4}{2}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\)ta được:
\(2P\le x+y+z+6=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow p\le6\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=6\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2\)