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Ta có:
\(3-S=\left(x^2+4y^2+9z^2\right)-\left(2x+4y+6z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-S=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(4y^2-4y+1\right)+\left(9z^2-6z+1\right)-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6-S=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-1\right)^2+\left(3z-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S\le6\)
\(S_{max}=6\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2y-1=0\\3z-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
điều kiện ban đầu <=> (x-1)2+(y-2)2+(z-3)2 \(\le1\)
áp dụng bdt sau (ax+ by+ cz)2\(\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)(bunhiacopxky với 3 số)
[ x-1 + 2(y-2) + 2(z-3)]2 \(\le\left(1^2+2^2+2^2\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+\left(z-2\right)^2\right]\le9.1=9\)
=>\(-3\le\) x-1 +2(y-2) +2(z-3) \(\le3\) <=> 8\(\le x+2y+2z\le14\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2-2x+4y=6z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+\left(z^2-6z+9\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+\left(z-3\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\\z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào p ta có: \(p=1^{2021}+\left(-2\right)^2+3=1+4+3=8\)
\(x^2+y^2+z^2-2x+4y=6z-14\)
\(\leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2+4y+4)+(z^2-6z+9)=0\)
\(\leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y+2)^2+(z-3)^2=0\)
Ta có \(\begin{cases} (x-1)^2\ge 0\\(y+2)^2\ge 0\\(z-3)^2\ge 0\end{cases}\)
\(\to (x-1)^2+(y+2)^2+(z-3)0^2\ge 0\)
\(\to\) Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y+2=0\\z-3=0\end{cases}\)
\(\leftrightarrow \begin{cases}x=1\\y=-2\\z=3\end{cases}\)
Thay \(x=1;y=-2;z=3\) vào P
\(P=1^{2021}+(-2)^2+3=1+4+3=8\)
Vậy \(P=8\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(x^2+xy+y^2+1\)
\(=x^2+xy+\dfrac{y^2}{4}-\dfrac{y^2}{4}+y^2+1\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3y^2}{4}+1\)
mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2\ge0,\forall x;y\\\dfrac{3y^2}{4}\ge0,\forall x;y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{y}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3y^2}{4}+1>0,\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
b) \(...=x^2-2x+1+4\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+z^2-6z+9+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\left(y^{ }+1\right)^2+\left(z-3\right)^2+1>0,\forall x.y\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
Lời giải:
$x^2+4y^2+9z^2=2x+4y+6z-3$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(4y^2-4y+1)+(9z^2-6z+1)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(2y-1)^2+(3z-1)^2=0$
Ta thấy: $(x-1)^2\geq 0; (2y-1)^2\geq 0; (3z-1)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}$
Do đó để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
$(x-1)^2=(2y-1)^2=(3z-1)^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=\frac{1}{2}; z=\frac{1}{3}$
Khi đó:
$xyz=1.\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{6}$