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Gợi ý cách làm là nhóm 2 đầu 2 cuối r khai triển HĐT để nhìn cho dễ hơn thôi còn ko thì cứ khai triển hết ra là dc
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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky, ta được: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}\le\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2.a\sqrt{ab}.c\sqrt{ab}+2.a\sqrt{bc}.b\sqrt{bc}+2.c\sqrt{ca}.b\sqrt{ca}}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+a^3b+abc^2+a^2bc+b^3c+c^3a+ab^2c}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{a^2+bc+ca}\le\frac{ab\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{bc}{b^2+ca+ab}\le\frac{bc\left(c^2+ca+ab\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\) ; \(\frac{ac}{c^2+ab+bc}\le\frac{ac\left(a^2+ab+bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2.a\sqrt{ab}.c\sqrt{ab}+2a\sqrt{bc}.b\sqrt{bc}+2c\sqrt{ac}.b\sqrt{ac}}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+a^3b+abc^2+b^3c+a^2bc+ac^3+ab^2c}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
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Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}\ge3\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\ge\frac{8.3}{9}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
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1 ) (a+b+c)^2 >= 3(ab+bc+ac)
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 >= ab + bc + ac
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 >= 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
<=> a^2 - 2ab + b^2 + b^2 - 2bc + c^2 + a^2 - 2ac + c^2 >= 0
<=> (a - b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (a-c)^2 >= 0
( luôn đúng với mọi a ; b ; c )
( đpcm )
2 ) P = \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ac}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)
AD BĐT Cô - si và BĐT phụ đã cmt ở trên ta có : \(P\ge2.\frac{1}{3}+\frac{8.3.\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{9\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}=\frac{2}{3}+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Khôi Bùi : theo e ý 2 có thể đơn giản hóa vấn đề bằng cách đặt ẩn phụ
đặt \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=t\left(t\ge3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=t+\frac{1}{t}=\frac{t}{9}+\frac{1}{t}+\frac{8}{9}t\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(P\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{t}{9}.\frac{1}{t}}+\frac{8}{9}t\ge\frac{2.1}{3}+\frac{8}{9}.3=\frac{10}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b
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Bài 1:
a ) a.( b2 + c2 ) + b.( a2 + c2 ) + c.( a2 + b2 ) + 2abc
= ab2 + ac2 + a2b + bc2 + a2c + b2c + 2abc
= ( ab2 + a2b ) + ( ac2 + bc2 ) + ( a2c + 2abc + b2c )
= ab.( a + b ) + c2.( a + b ) + c.( a2 + 2ab + b2 )
= ab.( a + b ) + c2.( a + b )v + c.( a + b)2
= ( a + b ).[ ( ab + c2 + c. ( a + b ) ]
= ( a + b ).( ab + c2 + ac + bc )
= ( a + b ).[ ( ab + ac ) + ( c2 + bc) ]
= ( a + b ).[ a.( b + c ) + c.( b + c ) ]
= ( a + b ).( b + c ).( a + c )
b) ab.( a + b ) - bc.( b + c ) + ac.( a - c )
= ab.( a + b ) - bc.( b + c ) + ac.[ ( a + b ) - ( b + c ) ]
= ab.( a + b ) - bc. ( b + c ) + ac.( a + b ) - ac.( b + c )
= ab.( a + b ) + ac.( a + b ) - bc.( b + c ) - ac.( b + c )
= ( a + b ).( ab + ac ) + ( b + c ).( -bc - ac )
= ( a + b ).a.( b + c ) - ( b + c ).c.( a + b )
= ( a + b ).( b + c ).( a - c )
c) ( x2 + x )2 + 2.( x2 + x ) - 3
Đặt x2 + x = a
Khi đó đa thức trở thành:
a2 + 2a - 3
= a2 + 3a - a - 3
= a.( a + 3 ) - ( a + 3 )
= ( a - 1 ).( a - 3 )
\(\Rightarrow\) ( x2 + x - 1 ).( x2 + x - 3 )
B2
ab.( a - b ) + bc.( b - c ) + ca.( c - a ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)ab.( a - b ) + bc.( b - c ) - ca.[ ( a - b ) + ( b - c ) ] = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)ab.( a - b ) + bc.( b - c ) - ca.( a - b ) - ca.( b - c ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)ab.( a - b ) - ca.( a - b ) + bc.( b - c ) - ca.( b - c ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ( a - b ).( ab - ca ) + ( b - c ).( bc - ca ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ( a - b ).a.( b - c ) - ( b - c ).c.( a - b ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ( a - b ).( b - c ).( a - c ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) ( a - b ).( b - c ).( a - c ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b , b = c , a = c
\(\Rightarrow\) a = b = c
Ta có a(a2 - bc) + b(b2 - ca) + c(c2 - ab)
= a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc
= (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b) + c3 - 3abc
= [(a + b)3 + c3] - 3ab(a + b + c)
= (a + b + c)[(a + b)2 - (a + b)c + c2] - 3ab(a + b + c)
= (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab - ac - bc - 3ab)
= (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - ac - bc) (đpcm)