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Bạn xem lại đề câu a) cho rõ lại
Câu b) Tại x=2013 thì B=x2013-(x+1)x2012+(x+1)x2011-(x+1)x2010+...-(x+1)x2+(x+1)x-1
= x2013-x2013-x2012+x2012+x2011-x2011-x2010+..-x3 - x2+x2+x-1
= x-1 = 2012
Ta có :
\(T=\frac{2}{2^1}+\frac{3}{2^2}+\frac{4}{2^3}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+\frac{4}{2^4}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(T-\frac{1}{2}T=\left(\frac{2}{2^1}+\frac{3}{2^2}+\frac{4}{2^3}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}\right)-\left(\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+\frac{4}{2^4}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=1+\frac{3}{2^2}+\frac{4}{2^3}+...+\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}-\frac{2}{2^2}-\frac{3}{2^3}-\frac{4}{2^4}-...-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=1+\left(\frac{3}{2^2}-\frac{2}{2^2}\right)+\left(\frac{4}{2^3}-\frac{3}{2^3}\right)+...+\left(\frac{2015}{2^{2014}}-\frac{2014}{2^{2014}}\right)-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}T=1+\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\right)-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\)
\(2A-A=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2013}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{2^{2014}}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(1+A-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}< 1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2^{2014}}-\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}T< \frac{3}{2}-\left(\frac{1}{2^{2014}}+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{2^{2014}}+\frac{2015}{2^{2015}}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}T< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}T.2< \frac{3}{2}.2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(T< 3\) ( đpcm )
Vậy \(T< 3\)
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\(S=2014+\frac{2014}{1+2}+\frac{2014}{1+2+3}+...+\frac{2014}{1+2+3+...+10000}\)
\(S=\frac{2014}{\frac{1.2}{2}}+\frac{2014}{\frac{2.3}{2}}+\frac{2014}{\frac{3.4}{2}}+...+\frac{2014}{\frac{10000.10001}{2}}\)
\(S=\frac{4028}{1.2}+\frac{4028}{2.3}+\frac{4028}{3.4}+...+\frac{4028}{10000.10001}\)
\(S=4028\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{10000.10001}\right)\)
\(S=4028\left(\frac{2-1}{1.2}+\frac{3-2}{2.3}+\frac{4-3}{3.4}+...+\frac{10001-10000}{10000.10001}\right)\)
\(S=4028\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{10000}-\frac{1}{10001}\right)\)
\(S=4028\left(1-\frac{1}{10001}\right)=\frac{40280000}{10001}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{3\cdot5}+\frac{1}{5\cdot7}+\frac{1}{7\cdot9}+...+\frac{1}{97\cdot99}-\frac{5}{4}\cdot\frac{13}{99}+\frac{5}{99}\cdot\frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{3\cdot5}+\frac{2}{5\cdot7}+...+\frac{2}{97\cdot99}\right)-\frac{13}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{99}+\frac{5}{99}\cdot\frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{97}-\frac{1}{99}\right)-\frac{5}{99}\cdot\left(\frac{13}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{99}\right)-\frac{5}{99}\cdot3\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{32}{99}-\frac{5}{33}\)
\(A=\frac{16}{99}-\frac{5}{33}=\frac{1}{99}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2015}}\)
=>\(5A=1+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2014}}\)
=>\(5A-A=\left(1+\frac{1}{5}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2014}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{2015}}\right)\)
=>\(4A=1-\frac{1}{5^{2015}}\)
=>\(A=\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{2015}}}{4}\)
Dễ thấy \(1-\frac{1}{5^{2015}}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{2015}}}{4}< \frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(4.M=4.\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+...+\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\right)=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+...+\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}\)
=> 4M - M = \(1+\left(\frac{2}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{4^2}-\frac{2}{4^2}\right)+...+\left(\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2013}{4^{2013}}\right)-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
=> 3.M = \(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
Tính \(N=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2013}}\)
=> \(4.N=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2012}}\)
=> 4N - N = 4 - \(\frac{1}{4^{2013}}\)=> N = \(\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2013}}\)=> N < 4/3
Ta có: 3M < N => M < N/3 => M < (4/3)/3 = 2/9
vậy M < 4/9