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Ta thấy: \(a+b\le1\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a\le1-b\\b\le1-a\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1+a\le2-b\\1+b\le2-a\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{1+b}\ge\frac{a}{2-a}\\\frac{b}{1+a}\ge\frac{b}{2-b}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{b}{1+a}\ge\frac{a}{2-a}+\frac{b}{2-b}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{b}{1+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{a}{2-a}+\frac{b}{2-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{2}{2-a}-1+\frac{2}{2-b}-1+\frac{1}{a+b}=\frac{2}{2-a}+\frac{2}{2-b}+\frac{1}{a+b}-2\)
\(=2\left(\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}-1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức sau: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{9}{4-\left(a+b\right)+2\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{9}{4+a+b}\)
Lại có: \(a+b\le1\Rightarrow4+a+b\le5\Rightarrow\frac{9}{4+a+b}\ge\frac{9}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{9}{5}\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{2-a}+\frac{1}{2-b}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}-1\right)\ge\frac{8}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\frac{8}{5}.\)
Vậy \(Min_S=\frac{8}{5}.\)Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{2}{5}.\)
\(S=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{1}{8a}+\frac{1}{8b}+\frac{1}{8c}+\frac{1}{8a}+\frac{1}{8b}+\frac{1}{8c}\right)+\frac{3}{4a}+\frac{3}{4b}+\frac{3}{4c}\)
\(\ge9\sqrt[9]{a^2b^2c^2.\frac{1}{8a}.\frac{1}{8b}.\frac{1}{8c}.\frac{1}{8a}.\frac{1}{8b}.\frac{1}{8c}}+\frac{3}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{4}+9.\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{9}{4}+\frac{9}{4}.\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}\ge\frac{9}{4}+\frac{9}{4}.2=\frac{27}{4}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_S=\frac{27}{4}\)
\(S=\frac{a^2}{a+ab}+\frac{b^2}{b+ab}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+2ab}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{2}}+1=\frac{5}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=\frac{5}{3}\) khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có : \(a+\frac{1}{b}\le1\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+1}{b}\le1\Rightarrow ab+1\le b\) ( vì a ; b > 0 )
Mặt khác : \(2\sqrt{ab}\le ab+1\) ( BĐT Cô - si )
Suy ra : \(b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b}\ge2\sqrt{a}\Leftrightarrow\frac{b}{a}\ge4\)
Đặt b/a = t ( t >= 4 ) , ta có : \(A=\frac{1}{t}+t=\frac{1}{t}+\frac{t}{16}+\frac{15}{16}t\)
Đến đây bn làm nốt
\(A=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3}+\frac{1}{a^2b}+\frac{1}{ab^2}\ge\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}+\frac{4}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ab}\right)+\frac{1}{ab}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{ab}\ge\frac{16}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}}\ge16+4=20\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(S=1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{ab}=1+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{a+b}{ab}=1+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}\ge1+\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{a+b}=9\)
\(=>minS=9<=>a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
( cái này dùng cosi hoặc bun đều đc vì a,b>0 nếu p để ý :P )
Bài 1
Cho a , b , c > 0 . CM : \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge\frac{a+b}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{a+b}\left(1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\le\frac{a\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{b}+\frac{b\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{c}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{a}\)
\(=\frac{a^2c}{b}+a^2+ab+ac+\frac{b^2\left(a+b\right)}{c}+b^2+ab+c^2+bc+\frac{cb\left(b+c\right)}{a}\)
Mặt khác : \(\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)=a^2+ac+c^2+3b^2+3ab+3bc\)
Do đó ta cần chứng minh :
\(\frac{a^2c}{b}+\frac{b^2\left(a+b\right)}{c}+\frac{cb\left(b+c\right)}{a}\ge2b^2+2bc+ab\left(2\right)\)
\(VT=\frac{a^2c}{b}+\frac{b^2\left(a+b\right)}{c}+\frac{cb\left(b+c\right)}{a}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2c}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2c}{b}+\frac{c^2b}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^2b}{a}\right)+b^2\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\)
\(\ge ab+\sqrt{ac^3}+\sqrt{\frac{b^4c}{a}}+2b^2\ge ab+2bc+2b^2=VP\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2 :
Vì x , y , z > 0 ta có :
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si đối với 2 số dương \(\frac{x^2}{y+z}\) và \(\frac{y+z}{4}\)
ta được :
\(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{y+z}.\frac{y+z}{4}}=2.\frac{x}{2}=x\left(1\right)\) .
Tương tự ta cũng có :
\(\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\left(2\right);\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\left(3\right)\)
Cộng theo vế (1) , (2) và (3) ta được :
\(\left(\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\right)+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\Rightarrow P\ge\left(x+xy+z\right)-\frac{x+y+z}{2}=1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(P=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{4}{9}.a\left(1+b\right)\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a.4.a.\left(1+b\right)}{\left(1+b\right)9}}=2\sqrt{\frac{4a^2}{3^2}}=\frac{4a}{3}\)
\(\frac{b}{1+a}+\frac{4}{9}.b\left(1+a\right)\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b.4.b.\left(1+a\right)}{\left(1+a\right)9}}=2\sqrt{\frac{2^2b^2}{3^2}}=\frac{4b}{3}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức cùng chiều ta được :
\(\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{b}{1+a}+\frac{4}{9}.a\left(1+b\right)+\frac{4}{9}.b\left(1+a\right)\ge\frac{4a}{3}+\frac{4b}{3}\)
\(< =>\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{b}{1+a}\ge\frac{4a}{3}-\frac{4}{9}\left(a+ab\right)-\frac{4}{9}\left(b+ab\right)+\frac{4b}{3}\)
\(< =>\frac{a}{1+b}+\frac{b}{1+a}\ge\frac{8a}{9}+\frac{8b}{9}-\frac{4}{9}ab-\frac{4}{9}ab\)
\(< =>S\ge\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{8}{9}\left(a+b\right)-\frac{8}{9}ab=\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+a+b\right)-\frac{a+b+8ab}{9}\)
\(< =>S\ge2-\frac{a+b+8ab}{9}\)
Do \(4ab\le\left(a+b\right)^2\le1< =>a+b+8ab\le3\)
Khi đó ta được : \(S\ge2-\frac{3}{9}=2-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{3}\).Đẳng thức xảy ra \(< =>a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(S=\frac{5}{3}\)đạt được khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)