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a, xy-x-2x-1=0
x(y-1-2)-1=0
x(y-3)-1=0
+x=0
+(y-3)-1=0
y-3=1
y=4
Vậy : x=0 và y=4
b, x^2-2xy+x-2y+2=0
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a)xy+3x-2y=11\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy+3x-2y-6=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(y+3\right)-2\left(y+3\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+3\right)\left(x-2\right)=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y+3=-1\\x-2=-5\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=-4\\x=-3\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y+3=1\\x-2=5\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=-2\\x=7\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y+3=-5\\x-2=-1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=-8\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y+3=5\\x-2=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=2\\x=3\end{cases}}\)
\(b)2x^2-2xy+x-y=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(2x+1\right)=12\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right);\left(2x+1\right)\inƯ\left(12\right)\)
\(\RightarrowƯ\left(12\right)\in\left\{-1;1;-2;2;-3;3;-4;4;-6;6;-12;12\right\}\)
Vì 2x+1 luôn lẻ
\(\Rightarrow2x+1\in\left\{-1;1;-3;3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x+1=-1\\x-y=-12\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=11\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x+1=1\\x-y=12\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=-12\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x+1=-3\\x-y=-4\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-2\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x+1=3\\x-y=4\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2:
a: \(3x^2-3xy=3x\left(x-y\right)\)
b: \(x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
c: \(3x-3y+xy-y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+y\right)\)
d: \(x^2-y^2+2y-1=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{x-y}-\dfrac{2xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{x^2+y^2}\cdot\dfrac{x^2+y^2-2xy}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{x^2+y^2}\cdot\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}\)
\(2xy^2+x+y-1=x^2+2y^2+xy\\\Leftrightarrow 2xy^2+x+y-1-x^2-2y^2-xy=0\\\Leftrightarrow(2xy^2-2y^2)-(xy-y)-(x^2-x)=1\\\Leftrightarrow2y^2(x-1)-y(x-1)-x(x-1)=1\\\Leftrightarrow(x-1)(2y^2-y-x)=1\)
Vì \(x,y\) nguyên \(\Rightarrow x-1;2y^2-y-x\) có giá trị nguyên
Mà: \(\left(x-1\right)\left(2y^2-y-x\right)=1\)
Do đó ta có các trường hợp xảy ra là:
\(+,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\2y^2-y-x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y^2-y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\\left(2y-3\right)\left(y+1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y\in\left\{\dfrac{3}{2};-1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà \(x,y\) nguyên nên: \(x=2;y=-1\)
\(+,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-1\\2y^2-y-x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2y^2-y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2\left(y-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{8}=0\left(\text{vô lí}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=2;y=-1\) là các giá trị cần tìm.
\(\text{#}Toru\)