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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có
(1 - \(\frac{1}{x^2}\))(1 - \(\frac{1}{y^2}\)) = \(1-\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\right)+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}=1-\frac{1-2xy}{x^2y^2}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2}\)
\(=1+\frac{2}{xy}\ge1+\frac{2.4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}=9\)
Đạt được khi x = y = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
bài này cần x,y,z>0 nữa, vừa xem xong bài y hệt của LCC :v
Dự đoán dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z=1\) thì \(P=24\)
Ta chứng minh P=24 là GTNN
Thật vậy áp dụng BĐT C-S ta có:
\(P=Σ\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2\left(y+1\right)^2\left(z+1\right)^2}{\left(z^2+1\right)\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge\frac{\left(Σ\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y\right)\right)^2}{Σ\left(z^2+1\right)\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
Cần chứng minh: \(\frac{\left(Σ\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y\right)\right)^2}{Σ\left(z^2+1\right)\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(Σ\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y\right)\right)^2\ge24Σ\left(z^2+1\right)\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=3u\\xy+yz+xz=3v^2\\xyz=w^3\end{cases}}\) \(\Rightarrow u=1\) thì
\(Σ\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=Σ\left(x^2y+x^2z+2x^2+2xy+2x\right)\)
\(=9uv^2-3w^3+2u\left(9u^2-6v^2\right)+9uv^2+6u^3=3\left(8u^3+uv^2-w^3\right)\)
Và \(Σ\left(z^2+1\right)\left(x+y\right)^2=2Σ\left(x^2y^2+x^2yz+x^2u+xyu^2\right)\)
\(=2\left(9v^4-6uw^3+3uw^3+9u^4-6u^2v^2+3u^2v^2\right)\)
\(=6\left(3u^4-u^2v^2+3v^4-uw^3\right)\). Can cm \(f\left(w^3\right)\ge0\)
\(f\left(w^3\right)=\left(8u^3+uv^2-w^3\right)^2-16\left(3u^6-u^4v^2+3u^2v^4-u^3w^3\right)\)
\(f'\left(w^3\right)=-2\left(8u^3+uv^2-w^3\right)+16u^3=2w^3-2uv^2\le0\)
Thay \(f\) la ham` ngh!ch bien, do đó, BĐT có 1 GTLN của w3 khi 2 biến bằng nhau
Đặt \(y=x;z=3-2x\), Khi đó:
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^4-2x^3-11x^2+24x+4\right)\ge0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2, rút gọn B=x^2/(y-1)+y^2/(x-1)
AM-GM : x^2/(y-1)+4(y-1) >/ 4x ; y^2/(x-1)+4(x-1) >/ 4y
=> B >/ 4x-4(y-1)+4y-4(x-1)=4x-4y+4+4y-4x+4=8
minB=8
Câu 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có: \(x+1\ge2\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1+x+1\ge x+2\sqrt{x}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+2\ge\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự cũng có: \(2y+2\ge\left(\sqrt{y}+1\right)^2\left(2\right)\)
Nhân theo vế của \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\) ta có:
\(\left(2x+2\right)\left(2y+2\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2\left(\sqrt{y}+1\right)^2\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\ge16\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\ge4\)
Lại áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(x+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge2\). Giờ thì áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(A=\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x+y}=x+y\ge2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(A=\left(1+x\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)+\left(1+y\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{y}+x+\frac{x}{y}+1+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{y}{x}\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{1}{2x}\right)+\left(y+\frac{1}{2y}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)+2\)
Lại có: \(x,y\in Z^+\) nên ta có:
- \(x+\frac{1}{2x}\ge\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
- \(y+\frac{1}{2y}\ge\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
- \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\ge2\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
- \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}{2}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Từ trên ta suy ra: \(A\ge3\sqrt{2}+4\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Vậy \(A_{Min}=3\sqrt{2}+4\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 3: \(A=\frac{\left(2a+b+c\right)\left(a+2b+c\right)\left(a+b+2c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Đặt a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z
\(A=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{xy}.2\sqrt{yz}.2\sqrt{zx}}{xyz}=\frac{8xyz}{xyz}=8\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 4: \(A=\frac{9x}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}=\frac{9x-18}{2-x}+\frac{18}{2-x}+\frac{2}{x}\ge-9+\frac{\left(\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{2-x+x}=-9+\frac{32}{2}=7\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi\(\frac{\sqrt{18}}{2-x}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có \(P=\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2}}{\frac{zx+1}{x}}+\frac{\frac{\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2}}{\frac{xy+1}{y}}+\frac{\frac{\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2}}{\frac{yz+1}{z}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{a_1^2}{b_1}+\frac{a_2^2}{b_2}+\frac{a_3^2}{b_3}\ge\frac{\left(a_1+a_2+a_3\right)^2}{b_1+b_2+b_3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{a_1}{b_1}=\frac{a_2}{b_2}=\frac{a_3}{c_3}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)}\)
\(P\ge a+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Áp dụng BĐT: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
=> \(P\ge x+y+z+\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\left[x+y+z+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\right]+\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{9}{4}}=3;\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{27}{4\cdot\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{9}{2}\)
=> \(P\ge3+\frac{9}{2}=\frac{15}{2}\).
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy MinP=\(\frac{15}{2}\)đạt được khi x=y=z=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(P=\frac{x\left(yz+1\right)^2}{z^2\left(zx+1\right)}+\frac{y\left(zx+1\right)^2}{x^2\left(xy+1\right)}+\frac{z\left(xy+1\right)^2}{y^2\left(yz+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{yz+1}{z}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{zx+1}{x}\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{zx+1}{x}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{xy+1}{y}\right)}+\frac{\left(\frac{xy+1}{y}\right)^2}{\left(\frac{yz+1}{z}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức, ta có:
\(\frac{\left(y+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{z+\frac{1}{x}}+\frac{\left(z+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2}{x+\frac{1}{y}}+\frac{\left(x+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2}{y+\frac{1}{z}}\)\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}}=x+y+z+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{x+y+z}=\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(+\frac{27}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{9}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}}+\frac{27}{4.\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{15}{2}\)(Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{y^2}\right)\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{x^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{y^2}\right)\\ =...\)
\(=\frac{-2xy-y^2}{x^2}.\frac{-2xy-x^2}{y^2}\)
\(=\frac{-y\left(2x+y\right)}{x^2}.\frac{-x\left(2x+x\right)}{y^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2x+y\right)\left(2y+x\right)}{xy}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+x+y\right)\left(y+y+x\right)}{xy}\)
\(_{\ge}^{AM-GM}\frac{3\sqrt[3]{x.x.y}.3\sqrt[3]{y.y.x}}{xy}\)
\(=\frac{9xy}{xy}=9\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
dấu ... là bạn tự quy đồng và rút gọn tử nha