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Với mọi a;b ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b\)
Áp dụng:
\(A=\left(x+3\right)^4+\left(7-x\right)^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(x+3\right)^2+\left(7-x\right)^2\right]^2\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT ban đầu trong 2 số hạng trong ngoặc vuông:
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+3+7-x\right)^2\right]^2=1250\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x+3=7-x\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=1250\) khi \(x=2\)
Không tồn tại A max
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\(M=x^2+y^2+xy-3x-3y+2018\)
\(=x^2+2x\frac{\left(y-3\right)}{2}+\left(\frac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+y^2-3y+2018-\left(\frac{y-3}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2-6y+8063}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(y^2-2y+1\right)}{4}+2015\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{y-3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3\left(y-1\right)^2}{4}+2015\ge2015\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
a) Tìm min max A = \(\frac{4x+3}{x^2+1}\)
b) Cho x + y = 15 Tìm min max B = \(\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{y-3}\)
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ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1;y\ge25\)
\(D=\frac{1}{x}\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{\left(x-2\right)^2+25}}+\frac{1}{y}\sqrt{\frac{y-25}{\left(y-50\right)^2+1}}\)
Vì x>=1,y>=25 => x-1>=0,y-25>=0
=> D >= 0
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=1,y=25
Vậy MinD=0 khi x=1,y=25
Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2+25\ge25;\left(y-50\right)^2+1\ge1\)
=>\(\frac{1}{x}\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{\left(x-2\right)^2+25}}\le\frac{1}{x}\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{25}};\frac{1}{y}\sqrt{\frac{y-25}{\left(y-50\right)^2+1}}\le\frac{1}{y}\sqrt{y-25}\)
=>\(D\le\frac{1}{x}\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{25}}+\frac{1}{y}\sqrt{y-25}\)
Vì x>=1 => x-1>=0. Áp dụng bđt cosi với 2 số dương x-1 và 1 ta có:
\(\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{\left(x-1\right).1}\le\frac{x-1+1}{2}=\frac{x}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{x}\sqrt{\frac{x-1}{25}}\le\frac{1}{x}\cdot\frac{x}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{25}}=\frac{1}{10}\)
Vì y>=25 => y-25>=0. ÁP dụng bđt cô si cho 2 số dương 25 và y-25 ta có:
\(\sqrt{y-25}=\frac{\sqrt{25\left(y-25\right)}}{5}\le\frac{25+y-25}{2.5}=\frac{y}{10}\)
=>\(\frac{1}{y}\sqrt{y-25}=\frac{1}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{10}=\frac{1}{10}\)
Suy ra \(D\le\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{10}=\frac{1}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=2,y=50
Vậy MaxD = 1/5 khi x=2,y=50
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Ta có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2+7\left(x+y\right)+y^2+10=0\)
\(x^2+y^2+2xy+7x+7y+y^2+10=0\)
\(x^2+y^2+1+2xy+2x+2y+5x+5y+5+4=0\)
\(\left(x+y+1\right)^2+5\left(x+y+1\right)+4=0\)
\(\left(x+y+1\right)^2+\left(x+y+1\right)+4\left(x+y+1\right)+4=0\)
\(\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x+y+2\right)+4\left(x+y+1\right)=0\)
\(\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x+y+6\right)=0\)
- \(x+y=-1\)
- \(x+y=-6\)
Max T=x+y+1=-6+1=-5 <=> x+y=-6
Min T=x+y+1=-1+1=0 <=> x+y=-1
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Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left|y-5\right|\ge0\forall y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left|y-5\right|\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow10+\left(x-3\right)^2+\left|y-5\right|\ge10\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow D=-10-\left(x-3\right)^2-\left|y-5\right|\le-10\forall x,y\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\y-5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(Max_D=-10\) khi \(x=3;y=5\).