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1. A good artist like a good engineer learns as much from their mistakes as from successes.
=> his/her
Do phía trước có chủ ngữ là a good artist là số ít
2. Almost all life depends to chemical reactions with oxygen to produce energy.
=> on
depend chỉ đi với on nghĩa là phụ thuộc vào
1. successfully -> successful
2. promote -> promotes
3. paint -> painted
4. with -> as
5. too -> either
6. Canada's -> Canada
7. long -> often
8. is -> was
Tìm lỗi sai và sửa lại :
1. The teacher says Ba will be a famous artist in=>x one day.
2. There was=>were only a few people at the meeting last night.
3. The driver of the car was serious=>seriously injured in the accident.
4. The public library in the city has thousand=>thousands of good books.
5. Could you tell me where=>how to get to the souvenir shop?
6. My brother doesn't like pork, and I don't like them, too=>either.
Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair or sentences below
1: tom has three sister. All of them are married
-> tom has three sisters, all of whom are married
2: i recently went back to Paris. It is still as beatiful as a peal
-> i recently went back to Paris, which is still as beatiful as a pearl
3: i recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nealy 50 years ago
-> i recently went back to Paris where I was born nealy 50 years ago4: she is the most intelligent woman. I have ever met this woman
-> she is the most intelligent woman I have ever met
5: This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday
-> This doctor whom you visited yesterday is famous
6: Do you know the music? It is being phayed on the radio
-> Do you know the music which is being played on the radio ?
7: The polie want to know the hotel. Mr Foster stayed there two weeks ago
-> The police want to know the hotel where Mr Foster stayed two weeks ago
8: Yoy did not tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason
-> You did not tell us the reason why we have to cut down our daily expenses
9: The day was rainy. She left on that day
-> The day when she left was rainy
10: The reason has not been told yet. The president will come to that city for this reason
-> The reason why the president will come to that city has not been told yet
11: Phuong Thao is a singer. You like her music best
-> Phuong Thao, whose music you like best, is a singer
12: she coudn't come to the party. This is a pity
-> she coudn't come to the party, which was a pity
13: that man is a artist. I do not remember the man is name
-> That man whose name I don't remember is an artist
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
:D