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a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b_____3b_______b_____\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=36,1\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,5\cdot56=28\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b+c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2a+3b=1,9\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,9}{0,2}=9,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol của Al và Fe lần lượt là a và b
Ta có 1,5a + b = 0,25
1,5a = 0,15
=> a = 0,1 và b = 0,1
=> %Al = 32,53%
%Fe= 67,47%
Tiếp bài của creeper nhé:
c. Ta có: \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4,86}{81}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{ZnO}=2.0,06=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl}=0,12+0,2=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{11,68}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=12\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{292}{3}\left(g\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có:
\(D=\dfrac{\dfrac{292}{3}}{V_{dd_{HCl}}}=1,2\)(g/ml)
=> \(V_{dd_{HCl}}=81,1\left(ml\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
_____0,2<---0,6<--------------0,3
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,2.27}{15,6}.100\%=34,615\%\\\%Al_2O_3=\dfrac{15,6-0,2.27}{15,6}.100\%=65,385\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{15,6-0,2.27}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Al2O3 + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
______0,1--->0,6
=> nHCl = 0,6+0,6 = 1,2(mol)
=> \(V_{dd}=\dfrac{1,2}{2}=0,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4(mol)\\ n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Mg}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+24y=7,8(1)\\ a,2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow 1,5x+y=0,4(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,2(mol);y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%=69,23\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-69,23\%=30,77\%\)
\(b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=3x+2y=0,8(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{192,2}.100\%=15,19\%\\ c,n_{AlCl_3}=0,2(mol);n_{MgCl_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{0,2.27+192,2-0,3.2}.100\%=13,55\%\\ C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{0,1.24+192,2-0,1.2}.100\%=4,89\%\)
Đặt: \(n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{ZnO}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+81b=14,6\\a=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ZnO}=0,1.81=8,1\left(g\right)\\ d.m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,1\right).2.36,5.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,15=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{7,8}.100\approx34,615\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al_2O_3}\approx65,385\%\\ Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{7,8-2,7}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(t\text{ổ}ng\right)}=0,05.6+0,1.3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ V_{\text{dd}HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{3}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1\cdot27=2,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{7,8}\cdot100\%\approx34,62\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{Al_2O_3}\approx65,38\%\\ b,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{7,8-2,7}{102}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,6}{3}=0,2\left(l\right)\)