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2.
Ta có : \(A=\frac{n+5}{n+2}=\frac{n+2+3}{n+2}=1+\frac{3}{n+2}\)
để A là số nguyên thì \(\frac{3}{n+2}\)là số nguyên
\(\Rightarrow3⋮n+2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)n + 2 \(\in\)Ư ( 3 ) = { 1 ; -1 ; 3 ; -3 }
Lập bảng ta có :
n+2 | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 |
n | -1 | -3 | 1 | -5 |
Vậy n \(\in\){ -1 ; -3 ; 1 ; -5 }
3.
\(\frac{4}{3}+\frac{10}{9}+\frac{28}{27}+...+\frac{3^{98}+1}{3^{98}}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{27}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{27}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)\)
\(=97+\left(\frac{1}{3^1}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)\)
gọi \(B=\frac{1}{3^1}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\)( 1 )
\(3B=1+\frac{1}{3^1}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{97}}\)( 2 )
Lấy ( 2 ) trừ ( 1 ) ta được :
\(2B=1-\frac{1}{3^{98}}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1-\frac{1}{3^{98}}}{2}< \frac{1}{2}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow97+\left(\frac{1}{3^1}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}\right)< 100\)
4.
đặt \(A=\frac{5^2}{1.6}+\frac{5^2}{6.11}+\frac{5^2}{11.16}+...+\frac{5^2}{26.31}\)
\(5A=\frac{5}{1.6}+\frac{5}{6.11}+\frac{5}{11.16}+...+\frac{5}{26.31}\)
\(5A=1-\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{11}-\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{26}-\frac{1}{31}\)
\(5A=1-\frac{1}{31}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1-\frac{1}{31}}{5}< \frac{1}{5}< 1\)
Ta có : \(2A=2.\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2015}+2^{2016}\right)\)
\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{2016}+2^{2017}\)
\(2A-A=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4+...+2^{2016}+2^{2017}\right)-\left(1+2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2015}+2^{2016}\right)\)
\(A=2+2^3+2^4+2^5+...+2^{2016}+2^{2017}-1-2-2^2-2^3-...-2^{2015}-2^{2016}\)
\(A=2^{2017}-1\)
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a) \(N=\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(N=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\)
A < \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)( vì n \(\ge\)2 )
\(\Rightarrow N=\frac{1}{2^2}.\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)< \frac{1}{2^2}.1=\frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy \(N< \frac{1}{4}\)
b) \(P=\frac{2!}{3!}+\frac{2!}{4!}+\frac{2!}{5!}+...+\frac{2!}{n!}\)
\(P=2!\left(\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{4!}+\frac{1}{5!}+...+\frac{1}{n!}\right)\)
\(P< 2.\left(\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\right)\)
\(P< 2.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n}\right)=1-\frac{2}{n}< 1\)
Vậy \(P< 1\)