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By AM-GM: \(3\le ab+bc+ca\)
Ta có: \(6-\dfrac{18}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=6.\left(1-\dfrac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\right)=\dfrac{6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-3\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\dfrac{6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=3\sum\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Giờ ta chỉ việc chứng minh
\(\sum\dfrac{\left(ab-c^2\right)\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+b^2\right)}+\sum\dfrac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\dfrac{ab\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)+2\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\right]\ge0\)(đúng)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
@Akai Haruma @TFBoys @Hà Nam Phan Đình @Mei Sama (Hân) @Ace Legona @Hung nguyen.........
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=4\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=2^2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)^2=ab+bc+ac\)
Suy ra ab+bc+ca là số chính phương
Đặt \(a-b=x;b-c=y;c-a=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=a-b+b-c+c-a=0\)
Lúc đó: \(B=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
Mà \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow2\left(x+y+z\right)=0\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)
\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}+\frac{2}{xy}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
2/ \(a\left(x-a\right)^2+b\left(x-b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)x^2-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)x+a^3+b^3=0\)
Với a = - b thì x = 0
Với a \(\ne\) - b thì ta có
\(\Delta'=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-ab\left(a-b\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Vậy ta có ĐPCM
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)
Khi đó: \(\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)=\left[ab+bc+ca+a^2\right]\left[ab+bc+ca+b^2\right]\left[ab+bc+ca+c^2\right]\)
\(=\left[a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c\left(a+c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)là số chính phương.
3 g) \(xyz=x+y+z+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)=\Sigma_{cyc}\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}=1\) .Đặt \(\frac{1}{x+1}=a;\frac{1}{y+1}=b;\frac{1}{z+1}=c\Rightarrow x=\frac{1-a}{a}=\frac{b+c}{a};y=\frac{c+a}{b};z=\frac{a+b}{c}\) vì a + b + c = 1.
Khi đó \(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a^2}+2}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}+\frac{4}{9}}.\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\left(\sqrt{\frac{2}{9}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{\frac{4}{9}}\right)^2\right]\left[2a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right]}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left[\frac{2}{3}a+\frac{2}{3}b+\frac{2}{3}c\right]^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=2\)
3c) Nhìn quen quen, chả biết có lời giải ở đâu hay chưa nhưng vẫn làm:D (Em ko quan tâm nha!)
\(P=3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{xy^2+xy^2+1}\ge3-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2xy^2}{3\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)^2}}=3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\left(xy^2\right)}\)
\(\ge3-\frac{2}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{x+y+y}{3}=3-\frac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)=3-2=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(=a^2\left[1+\left(a-1\right)^2\right]+\left(a-1\right)^2=a^2\left(a^2-2a+2\right)+\left(a-1\right)^2\)
= \(a^4-2a^3+2a^2+\left(a-1\right)^2=a^4-2a^2\left(a-1\right)+\left(a-1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a^2-a+1\right)^2\)
Vì a nguyên => a^2 -a + 1 nguyên => N là số chính phương