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Nhiều quá làm 1 bài tiêu biểu thôi nhé:
a/ \(A=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(2x^2+2y^2=5xy\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2-5xy=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{y}{2}\\x=2y\end{cases}}\)
Mặt khác : x > y > 0 \(\Rightarrow x=2y\)
Ta có : \(E=\frac{x+y}{x-y}=\frac{2y+y}{2y-y}=\frac{3y}{y}=3\)
a) Dễ tự làm đi
b) Xét 1 + a2 = ab + bc + ca + a2
= b(c + a) + a(c + a)
= (c + a)(b + a)
Cmtt ta có : 1 + b2 = (c + b)(a + b)
1 + c2 = (b+c)( a + c)
Do đó : A = \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+b\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)= 1
Xét a2 + 2bc - 1 = a2 + 2bc - ab - bc - ca
= a2 - ab + bc - ca
= a(a-b) - c(a-b)
= (a-b)(a-c)
Cmtt ta cũng có : b2 + 2ac - 1 = (b-c)(b-a)
c2 + 2ab - 1 = (c-a)(c-b)
Do đó : \(B=\frac{\left(a^2+2bc-1\right)\left(b^2+2ac-1\right)\left(c^2+2ba-1\right)}{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)^2\left(c-a\right)^2}\)
= -1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1) Thay xyz = 1 , ta có :
\(\frac{1}{1+x+xy}+\frac{1}{1+y+yz}+\frac{1}{1+z+xz}=\frac{z}{z+xz+xyz}+\frac{xz}{xz+xyz+xyz^2}+\frac{1}{1+z+xz}\)
\(=\frac{z}{z+xz+1}+\frac{xz}{xz+1+z}+\frac{1}{z+xz+1}=\frac{z+xz+1}{z+xz+1}=1\)
2) Phân tích A thành nhân tử được \(A=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Vì a + b + c = 0 nên A = 0
3) Phân tích A thành \(\frac{\left(b-a\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1
a) Ta có \(\frac{b^2-c^2}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b-a-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(b+c\right).\left(a+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right).\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{b+c}{a+c}-\frac{b+c}{a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{c^2-a^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}=\frac{c+a}{b+a}-\frac{c+a}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{a^2-b^2}{\left(c+a\right).\left(c+b\right)}=\frac{a+b}{c+b}-\frac{a+b}{c+a}\)
Do đó \(\frac{b^2-c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c^2-a^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}+\frac{a^2-b^2}{\left(c+a\right).\left(c+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{b+c}{a+c}-\frac{b+c}{a+b}+\frac{c+a}{b+a}-\frac{c+a}{b+c}+\frac{a+b}{c+b}-\frac{a+b}{c+a}\)
\(=\frac{b+c-a-b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b-c-a}{b+c}+\frac{c+a-b-c}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{c-a}{a+c}+\frac{b-c}{b+c}+\frac{a-b}{a+b}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1. Áp dụng Min - cốp - ski, ta được: \(\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+c^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+a^2}+\sqrt{\frac{9}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+b^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{3}{b+c}+\frac{3}{c+a}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)\(\ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{27}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)^2+\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)(Bunyakovsky dạng phân thức)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)thì ta cần chứng minh: \(\sqrt{\frac{729}{4t^2}+t^2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt{13}}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{729}{4t^2}+t^2\ge\frac{117}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t+3\right)\left(t-3\right)\left(2t+9\right)\left(2t-9\right)}{4t^2}\ge0\)*đúng bởi \(t-3\le0;t+3>0;2t+9>0;2t-9< 0;4t^2>0\)*
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi t = 3 hay a = b = c = 1
2. Ta có: \(\frac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}-3=\frac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^2\left(x^4+y^4+x^2y^2\right)}{x^2y^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{4x^2y^2}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}\ge3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
18. Ta có : \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
\(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{1}{abz}+\frac{1}{xbc}+\frac{1}{acy}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abcxyz}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
19. Nhân cả hai vế của đẳng thức giả thiết với \(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)được
\(\left(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}\right)\left(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=0\)
Ta có ;
\(\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)\(=\frac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)
\(P=x+y+xy\Leftrightarrow P+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=\left(\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}+1\right)\left(\frac{a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2}{2bc}\right)\left(\frac{a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2}\right)=\frac{b^2+2bc+c^2-b^2+2bc-c^2}{2bc}=\frac{4bc}{2bc}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=1\)
Nhận xét đề Toán. Có 2 cách giải cơ bản cho bài toán dạng này. 1 là thế trực tiếp x và y vào P và tính luôn, cách này quá thường, ai cũng nhìn ra, chỉ xài khi ta bí cách 2. Cách 2 là biến đổi P rồi mới thế.
Ở đây mình trình bày cách 2.
P = x + y + xy = x + (x +1) * y
= x + P1
P1 =( \(\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}\)+ 1) * \(\frac{a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2}\)
= \(\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2}{2bc}\)* \(\frac{a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2-a^2}\)
= \(\frac{a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{2bc}\)
P = x + P1 = \(\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}\)+ \(\frac{a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2}{2bc}\)= \(\frac{2bc}{2bc}\)= 1
Chúc bạn ngày càng học giỏi và xinh gái.