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đặt \(k=\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}=\frac{bk+dk}{b+d}=\frac{k\left(b+d\right)}{b+d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}=k\)
mà \(k=\frac{a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\)(đpcm)
b) đặt \(k=\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-c}{b-d}=\frac{bk-dk}{b-d}=\frac{k\left(b-d\right)}{b-d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-c}{b-d}=k\)
mà \(k=\frac{a}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-c}{b-d}=\frac{c}{d}\)(đpcm)
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\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=d\\d=a\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\\ \Rightarrow VT=\left(\dfrac{2019a+2020a-2021a}{2019a+2020a-2021a}\right)^3=1^3=1=\dfrac{a^2}{a\cdot a}=VP\)
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Đặt: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b.k\) ; \(c=d.k\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\frac{b.k-b}{b.k+b}=\frac{b.\left(k-1\right)}{b.\left(k+1\right)}=\frac{k-1}{k+1}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{c-d}{c+d}=\frac{d.k-d}{d.k+d}=\frac{d.\left(k+1\right)}{d.\left(k-1\right)}=\frac{k-1}{k+1}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra: \(\frac{a-b}{a+b}=\frac{c-d}{c+d}\)
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Ta có \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)
> \(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\left(1\right)\)
Lại có \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}\)
< \(\frac{2a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2d}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => 1<M<2
=> M không là số tự nhiên
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a/b<c/d=>ad<bc
=>ad+ab<bc+ab
=>a(b+d)<b(a+c)
=>a/b<a+c/b+d (1)
ad<bc
=>ad+cd<bc+cd
=>d(a+c)<c(b+d)
=>a+c/b+d<c/d (2)
từ (1);(2) =>đpcm
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Áp dụng \(\frac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+m}{b+m}\left(a;b;m>0\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}< \frac{2a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(< \frac{2a+2b+2c+2d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(< \frac{2.\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{a+b}{a-b}\)\(=\)\(\frac{c+d}{c-d}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\)\(=\)\(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\)
ÁP dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a+b}{c+d}\) \(=\) \(\frac{a-b}{c-d}\) \(=\) \(\frac{a+b-a+b}{c+d-c+d}\) \(=\)\(\frac{a+b+a-b}{c+d+c-d}\)\(=\)\(\frac{2b}{2d}\)\(=\)\(\frac{2a}{2c}\)= \(\frac{b}{d}\)= \(\frac{a}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a}{b}\)\(=\)\(\frac{c}{d}\) (dpcm)