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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc=>a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(=>\left(a+b\right)^3-3a^2b-3ab^2+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(=>\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc=0\)
\(=>\left[\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(=>\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(=>\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-bc+c^2-3ab\right)=0\)
\(=>\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
Vì a3+b3+c3=3abc và a+b+c khác 0
=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(=>2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(=>\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(=>\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Tổng 3 số không âm = 0 <=> chúng đều = 0
\(< =>\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}< =>a=b=c}\)
Vậy \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{\left(3a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\)
Ta có ; \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-bc-ac\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
Vì \(a+b+c\ne0\) nên ta có \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
a) Thay a = b = c vào biểu thức được : \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{\left(3a\right)^2}=\frac{3a^2}{9a^2}=\frac{1}{3}\)
b) Thay a = b = c vào P : \(P=\frac{2}{a}.\frac{2}{b}\frac{2}{c}=\frac{8}{abc}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 2 số không âm :
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{x^2}{x}}=2.\sqrt{x}\)
\(y^2+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{y^2}{y}}=2.\sqrt{y}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được :
\(x^2+y^2+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge2.\sqrt{x}+2.\sqrt{y}=2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng mình
Ta đi chứng minh:\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)* đúng *
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}=\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b^3+c^3+abc}\le\frac{a}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)};\frac{1}{c^3+a^3+abc}\le\frac{b}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\le\frac{a+b+c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{b+c}{bc}}\)
Biến đổi tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{a+c}{ac}};\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{2}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{bc}{abc}+\frac{ac}{abc}+\frac{ab}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+ab^2+abc+abc+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+abc+ac^2=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+2abc+bc^2+ab^2+b^2c+a^2c+ac^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow b\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)+\left(ab^2+b^2c\right)+\left(a^2c+ac^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow b\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\left(a+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+bc+b^2+ac\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left[\left(ab+b^2\right)+\left(bc+ac\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left[b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)\(\left[đpcm\left(a\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\)* \(a+b=0\Rightarrow a=-b\)
* \(b+c=0\Rightarrow b=-c\)
* \(a+c=0\Rightarrow a=-c\)
Trường hợp 1 : Nếu \(a=-b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\)\(=\frac{1}{b^3}-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
Mà : \(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)\(\left[đpcm\left(b\right)\right]\)
Hai trường hợp còn lại xét tương tự nhé