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Câu a : Ta có : \(x^3+x^2z+y^2z-xyz+y^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+y^3\right)+\left(x^2z+y^2z-xyz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+z\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z=0\) ( đpcm )
Câu b : \(VT=\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
\(=3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=VP\)
Câu c : Ta có : \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ac-bc+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c=0\) ( đúng )
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(P=x^3(z-y^2)+y^3(x-z^2)+z^3(y-x^2)+xyz(xyz-1)\)
\(=x^3(z-y^2)+xy^3+yz^3+x^2y^2z^2-y^3z^2-z^3x^2-xyz\)
\(=x^3(z-y^2)+(xy^3-xyz)+(yz^3-y^3z^2)+(x^2y^2z^2-z^3x^2)\)
\(=x^3(z-y^2)+xy(y^2-z)+yz^2(z-y^2)+x^2z^2(y^2-z)\)
\(=(y^2-z)(-x^3+xy-yz^2+x^2z^2)\)
\(=(y^2-z)[x^2(z^2-x)-y(z^2-x)]\)
\(=(y^2-z)(z^2-x)(x^2-y)=bca\)
Do đó $P$ có giá trị không phụ thuộc vào biến.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=x^3\left(z-y^2\right)+y^3\left(x-z^2\right)+z^3\left(y-x^2\right)+xyz\left(xyz-1\right)\)
\(P=\left(-x^3\left(y^2-z\right)\right)+xy^3-y^3z^2+yz^3-x^2z^3+x^2y^2z^2-xyz\)
\(P=\left(-x^3\left(y^2-z\right)\right)+\left(xy^3-xyz\right)-\left(y^3z^2-yz^3\right)+\left(x^2y^2z^2-x^2z^3\right)\)
\(P=\left(-x^3\left(y^2-z\right)\right)+\left(xy\left(y^2-z\right)\right)-\left(yz^2\left(y^2-z\right)\right)+\left(x^2z^2\left(y^2-z\right)\right)\)
\(P=\left(-x^3+xy-yz^2+x^2z^2\right)\left(y^2-z\right)\)
\(P=\left(\left(x^2z^2-x^3\right)-\left(yz^2-xy\right)\right)\left(y^2-z\right)\)
\(P=\left(x^2\left(z^2-x\right)-y\left(z^2-x\right)\right)\left(y^2-z\right)\)
\(P=\left(\left(x^2-y\right)\left(z^2-x\right)\right)\left(y^2-z\right)\)
\(P=\left(a.c\right).b\)
\(P=a.b.c\)
Vậy giá trị của P không phụ thuộc vào biến x;y;z (điều cần chứng minh)
Thiếu A = x2yz
Ta có : \(A+B+C=x^2yz+xy^2z+xyz^2\)
\(=xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=xyz.1\)
\(=xyz\left(đpcm\right)\)