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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Vì \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\circledast}\) nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c< a+b+c+d\\a+b+d< a+b+c+d\\b+c+d< a+b+c+d\\a+c+d< a+b+c+d\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{c}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{d}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\\ \Rightarrow P>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\\ \Rightarrow P>1\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\circledast}\) nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c>d\\a+b+d>c\\b+c+d>a\\a+c+d>b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2a}{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)}< \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{2b}{\left(a+b+d\right)+\left(a+b+d\right)}< \dfrac{2b}{a+b+c+d}\left(a+b+d>c\right)\\ \dfrac{c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{2c}{\left(b+c+d\right)+\left(b+c+d\right)}< \dfrac{2c}{a+b+c+d}\left(b+c+d>a\right)\\ \dfrac{d}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{2d}{\left(a+c+d\right)+\left(a+c+d\right)}< \dfrac{2d}{a+b+c+d}\left(a+c+d>b\right)\)
Từ đó, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+c+d}< \\ \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2d}{a+b+c+d}=2\\ \Rightarrow P< 2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có điều phải chứng minh.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: Gọi phân số cần tìm có dạng là \(\dfrac{a}{b}\left(b\ne0\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{3}< \dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
=>\(0,\left(3\right)< \dfrac{a}{b}< 0,5\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}=0,4;\dfrac{a}{b}=0,42\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{2}{5};\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{21}{25}\)
Vậy: Hai phân số cần tìm là \(\dfrac{2}{5};\dfrac{21}{25}\)
b: a/b<1
=>a<b
=>\(a\cdot c< b\cdot c\)
=>\(a\cdot c+ab< b\cdot c+ab\)
=>\(a\left(c+b\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{b}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow a=c.k;c=b.k\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(c.k\right)^2+\left(b.k\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b.k\right)^2}=\dfrac{k^2.\left(c^2+b^2\right)}{b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{k^2.\left[\left(b.k\right)^2+b^2\right]}{b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{k^2.\left[b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)\right]}{b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}=k^2\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c.k}{b}=\dfrac{b.k^2}{b}=k^2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a}{b}\)
Chúc học tốt!!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Vì $\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}$ nên:
$\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}$
Hay $\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}$
Ta có đpcm.
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c}\cdot\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
AD tích chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow DPCM\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot dk}{bd}=k^2\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ac}{bd}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2 : đề bài này chỉ cần a,b>0 , ko cần phải thuộc N* đâu
a, Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 2 số lhoong âm a,b ta được :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ba}}=2\) . Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b
b , Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 2 số không âm ta được : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ab}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Nhân vế với vế ta được :
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge2.2.\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{ab}}=4\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "="xảy ra tại a=b
Bài 1.
Vì a, b, c, d \(\in\) N*, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}< \dfrac{b}{a+b+d}< \dfrac{b}{a+b}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}< \dfrac{c}{b+c+d}< \dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}< \dfrac{d}{a+c+d}< \dfrac{d}{c+d}\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}< M< \left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{c+d}\right)\)hay 1<M<2.
Vậy M không có giá trị là số nguyên.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Gọi d là ƯCLN(\(\dfrac{a+b}{2};\dfrac{b+c}{2};\dfrac{c+a}{2}\))(\(d\ne0,d⋮2\))
Ta có:\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}⋮d,\dfrac{b+c}{2}⋮d,\dfrac{c+a}{2}⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{2}⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{2}⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow a,b,c⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\)ƯCLN(a,b,c)=ƯCLN(\(\dfrac{a+b}{2};\dfrac{b+c}{2};\dfrac{c+a}{2}\))
P/S không chắc đâu nhất là 2 bước cuối
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{b+c+a}+\dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\)