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Áp dụng bđt Cauchy - Schwarz dưới dạng Engel ta có :
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3}\ge\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\right]^2}{3}=\frac{\left(\frac{9}{3}\right)^2}{3}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 1
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1) Có a + b + c = 0 ⇒ (a + b + c)2 = 0
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2.(ab + bc + ca) = 0
⇒ 5 + 2.(ab + bc + ca) = 0
⇒ ab + bc + ca = \(\dfrac{-5}{2}\)
⇒ (ab + bc + ca)2 = \(\dfrac{25}{4}\)
⇒ a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 + 2abc.(a + b + c) = \(\dfrac{25}{4}\)
⇒ a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 =\(\dfrac{25}{4}\)
⇒ 2.(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) = \(\dfrac{25}{2}\)
lại có: (a2 + b2 + c2)2 = 52 = 25
⇒ a4 + b4 + c4 + 2.(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) = 25
⇒ a4 + b4 + c4 = 25 - 2.(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) = 25 - \(\dfrac{25}{2}\) = \(\dfrac{25}{2}\)
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Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0-1=-1\)
hay \(ab+bc+ac=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2ab^2c+2abc^2+2a^2bc=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2+2abc\left(b+c+a\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(M=a^4+b^4+c^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2+2a^2c^2+2b^2c^2-2a^2b^2-2a^2c^2-2b^2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2-2\left(a^2b^2+a^2c^2+b^2c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=1^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có : \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=1\) ( * )
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lại có : \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2=4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\) ( suy ra từ * )
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy ...
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Bạn tham khảo:
Câu hỏi của Nobody - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến
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\(1,Q=\dfrac{a^4-2a^2+a^3-2a+a^2-2}{a^4-2a^2+2a^3-4a+a^2-2}\\ Q=\dfrac{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+a+1}{a^2+2a+1}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^2+x+1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1-\dfrac{3}{4}x^2-\dfrac{3}{2}x-\dfrac{3}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{4}}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\\ Q_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(2,\text{Từ GT }\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+czy}{xyz}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+czy=0\\ \text{Ta có }\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}+\dfrac{zx}{ca}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{cxy+ayz+bzx}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{0}{abc}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)
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3 câu đầu đều sử dụng BĐT: \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{3+3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(N=\frac{1^2}{a}+\frac{2^2}{b+1}+\frac{3^2}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Câu d sử dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(Q\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2+2020\)
\(Q\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\right)^2+\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+2020=2026\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
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ta có \(a^2,b^2,c^2\ge0\)
mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=0\Rightarrow a=b=c=0\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
Điều này trái với GT a+b+c=6 \(\Rightarrow\)Đề sai
còn a+b+c=0 và a^2+b^2+c^2=6 thì bài này có nhiều trên mạng lắm search ik
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(a2+b2+c2)2=196(a2+b2+c2)2=196
a4+b4+c4+2(a2b2+b2c2+c2a2)=196(1)a4+b4+c4+2(a2b2+b2c2+c2a2)=196(1)
ta lại có a+b+c)^2=0a2+b2+c2=−2(ab+bc+ca)=14a2+b2+c2=−2(ab+bc+ca)=14(ab+bc+ca)2=49(ab+bc+ca)2=49
a2b2+b2c2+c2a2+2abc(a+b+c)=49a2b2+b2c2+c2a2+2abc(a+b+c)=49
a2b2+b2c2+c2a2=49(2)a2b2+b2c2+c2a2=49(2)
Từ (1);(2)a4+b4+c4=196−49.2=98