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1.
\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{\left(a+2b\right)^2+\left(b+2c\right)^2+\left(c+2a\right)^2}{\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(b-2c\right)^2+\left(c-2a\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+4b^2+4ab+b^2+4c^2+4bc+c^2+4a^2+4ca}{a^2+4b^2-4ab+b^2+4c^2-4bc+c^2+4a^2-4ca}\)
\(=\dfrac{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{5\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{-10\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-6}{-14}=\dfrac{3}{7}\)
b.
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right)-3abc\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab+2bc+3ca}{3a^2+4b^2+5c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+2a^2+3a^2}{3a^2+4a^2+5a^2}=\dfrac{6}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
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Bài làm:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+c^2a+ca^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)c+ab\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)
=> Hoặc a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0
=> Hoặc a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c=-a
Ko mất tổng quát, g/s a=-b
a) Ta có: vì a=-b thay vào ta được:
\(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=-\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{-b^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
=> đpcm
b) Ta có: \(a+b+c=1\Leftrightarrow-b+b+c=1\Rightarrow c=1\)
=> \(P=-\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{b^{2021}}+\frac{1}{c^{2021}}=\frac{1}{1^{2021}}=1\)
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Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a+b}{ab}+\frac{a+b}{c(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)\left[\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{c(a+b+c)}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{c(a+b+c)+ab}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\Leftrightarrow (a+b).\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{abc(a+b+c)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(b+c)(c+a)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a+b=0\\ b+c=0\\ c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Không mất tổng quát giả sử $a+b=0$
$\Rightarrow$
$\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{(-b)^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}$
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{(-b)^3+b^3+c^3}=\frac{1}{c^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\) (đpcm)
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Lời giải:
Đặt \((ab,bc,ac)=(x,y,z)\)
Theo bài ra ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)=0\)
TH1:
\(x+y+z=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=\frac{1}{(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)-abc}=\frac{-1}{abc}\)
TH2:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+xz\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM ta luôn có \(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi
\(x=y=z\Leftrightarrow ab=bc=ac\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Khi đó, \(M=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}=\frac{1}{2a.2b.2c}=\frac{1}{8abc}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=\ge3abc\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
vậy ta có \(A=\left(\frac{a}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{a}+1\right)\left(\frac{a}{a}+1\right)=8\)