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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_X=a+b=\dfrac{7.84}{22.4}=0.35\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{Cl_2}+m_{O_2}=30.1-11.1=19\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow71a+32b=19\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.2,b=0.15\)
\(Đặt:\)
\(n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_Y=24x+27y=11.1\left(g\right)\left(3\right)\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(2x+3y=0.2\cdot2+0.15\cdot4=1\left(4\right)\)
\(\left(3\right),\left(4\right):x=0.35,y=0.1\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.35\cdot24}{11.1}\cdot100\%=75.67\%\)
\(\%Al=24.33\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left\{Mg;Al\right\}+0,125\) mol \(O2\rightarrow9,1\) gam hỗn hợp oxit.
Bảo toàn khối lượng có:
m =\(9,1-0,125\times32=5,1gam\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,796.0,5=0,398\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,796.0,75=0,597\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}=0,195\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}+2n_{H_2SO_4}=2n_{H_2}+2n_{H_2O}\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,601\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m hh + m axit = m muối + mH2 + mH2O
⇒ m = m muối = 26,43 + 0,398.36,5 + 0,597.98 - 0,195.2 - 0,601.18 = 88,255 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\) (1)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) (2)
a) Gọi số mol của Mg là a (mol) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow24a+27\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}a=6,3\) \(\Rightarrow a=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,15\cdot40=6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,05\cdot102=5,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{O_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
tham khảo
Bảo toàn khối lượng:
m kim loại+ mO2= moxit
=> mO2= 3.33-2.13=1.2g
=> nO2= 1.2/32=0.0375mol
=>nO=0.075mol
mà cứ 1O + 2H+ = 1H2O
=> 0.075mol 0.15mol
vậy nH+ cần dùng là 0.15mol
mà CM=n / V => V= n / CM = 0.15 / 2 = 0.075l =75ml
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b
=> 27a + 24b = 6,3
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a------------------------->1,5a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--------------------------->b
=> \(1,5a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,1; b = 0,15
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
PTHH: MxOy + yH2 --to--> xM + yH2O
\(\dfrac{0,3}{y}\)<--0,3
=> \(M_{M_xO_y}=x.M_M+16y=\dfrac{17,4}{\dfrac{0,3}{y}}\)
=> \(M_M=21.\dfrac{2y}{x}\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=1\) => Loại
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=2\) => Loại
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=3\) => Loại
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=\dfrac{8}{3}\) => MM = 56 (g/mol) => M là Fe
a, ptpứ:
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(2\right)\)
gọi số mol Mg là x mol , số mol Al là y mol ( x; y >0)
ta có pt : \(24x+27y=6,3\left(3\right)\)
theo bài : \(nH_2=0,3mol\)
theo ptpư(1) \(nH_2=nMg=xmol\)
theo ptpư(2) \(nH_2=\dfrac{3}{2}nAl=\dfrac{3}{2}ymol\)
tiếp tục có pt : \(x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,3\left(4\right)\)
từ (3) và (4) ta có hệ pt:
\(24x+27y=6,3\\ x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,3\)
<=> \(x=0,15\) ; \(y=0,1\)
\(mMg=24x=24.0,15=3,6gam\)
\(mAl=27y=27.0,1=2,7gam\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a) n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 24a + 56b = 9,6(1)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2} = 0,5a + \dfrac{2}{3}b = \dfrac{2,8}{22,4} = 0,125(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow a = 0,05 ; b = 0,15\\ m_{Mg} = 0,05.24 = 1,2(gam) ; m_{Fe} = 0,15.56 = 8,4(gam)\\ b) m_{oxit} = m_A + m_{O_2} = 9,6 + 0,125.32 = 13,6(gam)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: mKL + mO2 = m oxit
⇒ mO2 = 13,1 - 1,5 = 11,6 (g)
Ta có:
\(m_{Al}:m_{Mg}=21:16\\ \rightarrow\dfrac{m_{Al}}{21}=\dfrac{m_{Mg}}{16}\)
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{21}=\dfrac{m_{Mg}}{16}=\dfrac{m_{Al}+m_{Mg}}{21+16}=\dfrac{6,66}{37}=0,18\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,18.21=3,78\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,18.16=2,88\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3,78}{27}=0,14\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,88}{24}=0,12\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,14---------------->0,07
2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
0,12--------------->0,12
=> m = 0,07.102 + 0,12.40 = 11,94 (g)