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Khi hòa tan Y vào dd HCl dư thu được chất rắn
=> Chất rắn là lưu huỳnh
mS(dư) = 1,2 (g)
\(n_{CuS}=\dfrac{14,4}{96}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) => nS(Z) = 0,15 (mol)
Bảo toàn S: mS(X) = 1,2 + 0,15.32 = 6 (g)
a) \(n_{PbS}=\dfrac{23,9}{239}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2S}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%V_{H_2S}=\dfrac{0,1.22,4}{2,464}.100\%=90,9\%\)
\(\%V_{H_2}=100\%-90,9\%=9,1\%\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464.9,1\%}{22,4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,01<-------------------0,01
FeS + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2S
0,1<---------------------0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,01.56}{0,01.56+0,1.88}.100\%=5,983\%\\\%m_{FeS}=\dfrac{0,1.88}{0,01.56+0,1.88}.100\%=94,017\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(n_{Na2S}=\frac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(H_2S+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2S+H_2O\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe\left(bđ\right)}=\frac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{S\left(bđ\right)}=\frac{4,8}{32}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Fe+S\rightarrow FeS\)
Ban đầu : _0,2___0,15_____
Phứng : __0,15____0,15_____
Sau: _____0,05_____0________
\(\Rightarrow H=\frac{0,1}{0,15}.100=66,67\%\)
Câu 1:
\(PTHH:2NaOH+H_2S\rightarrow Na_2S+2H_2O\)
_________________0,05______0,05____________
\(NaOH+H_2S\rightarrow NaHS+H_2O\)
_________0,1 ______0,1________
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H2S}=0,1+0,05=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H2S}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Câu 2:
Ta có:
\(n_{NaOH}=0,35.0,1=0,035\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H2S}=\frac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow T=\frac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{H2S}}=\frac{0,035}{0,02}=1,75\)
\(1< T< 2\Rightarrow\) Tạo cả 2 muối
\(2NaOH+H_2S\rightarrow Na_2S+2H_2O\)
0,035_____0,0175___0,0175_____ \(Na_2S+H_2S\rightarrow2NaHS\) 0,0025___0,0025___0,005 \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CM_{Na2S}=\frac{0,0175-0,0025}{0,1}=0,15M\\CM_{NaHS}=\frac{0,005}{0,1}=0,05M\end{matrix}\right.\)Câu 3:
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\frac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_S=\frac{4}{32}=0,125\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Zn+S\rightarrow ZnS\)
Tỉ lệ : \(\frac{0,2}{1}>\frac{0,125}{1}\Rightarrow\) Zn dư
\(n_{ZnS}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Zn\left(Dư\right)}=0,2-0,125=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(ZnS+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2S\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H2S}=n_{ZnS}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\n_{H2}=n_{Zn}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(M_{hh}=\frac{0,125.34+0,075.2}{0,2}=22\)
\(D_{hh/H2}=\frac{22}{2}=11\)
Al, Fe không tác dụng với H2SO4 đặc nguội
Rắn không tan ở TN2 là Cu
mCu = 6,4 (g)
=> \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,1-------------------------->0,1
=> V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\frac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_S=\frac{4,8}{32}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Fe+S\rightarrow FeS\)
\(\frac{0,1}{1}< \frac{0,15}{1}\) nên S dư
\(S+2HCl\rightarrow H_2S+Cl_2\)
\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)
\(CuSO_4+H_2S\rightarrow CuS+H_2SO_4\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H2S}=0,05+0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuS}=n_{H2S}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuS}=0,15.96=14,4\left(g\right)\)
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