Cho x>y>0 . CMR (x-y/x+y)<(x^2-y^2/x^2+y^2)
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\(x+y=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1-y\\y=1-x\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\frac{1-y}{\left(y-1\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)}-\frac{1-x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(A=\frac{-1}{y^2+y+1}-\frac{-1}{x^2+x+1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(A=\frac{-x^2-x-1+y^2+y+1}{\left(y^2+y+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+y^2x+y^2+yx^2+xy+y+x^2+x+1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(y-x\right)\left(x+y+1\right)}{x^2y^2+x^2+y^2+xy\left(x+y\right)+xy+\left(x+y\right)+1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\) mà x + y = 1
\(A=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+x^2+y^2+2xy+2}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(A=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\) ; x + y = 1
\(A=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+3}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}=0\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x-y}{z}=m,\dfrac{y-z}{x}=n,\dfrac{z-x}{y}=p\), ta có:
\(\left(m+n+p\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{m}+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{p}\right)=3+\dfrac{n+p}{m}+\dfrac{p+m}{n}+\dfrac{m+n}{p}\)
Tính \(\dfrac{n+p}{m}\) theo x, y, z ta được:
\(\dfrac{n+p}{m}=\dfrac{z}{x-y}.\dfrac{y^2-yz+xz-x^2}{xy}=\dfrac{z}{xy}\left(-x-y+x\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{z}{xy}\left(-x-y-z+2z\right)=\dfrac{2x^2}{xy}\) vì \(\left(x+y+z\right)=0\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{m+p}{n}=\dfrac{2x^2}{yz}.\dfrac{m+n}{p}=\dfrac{2y^2}{xz}\)
Vậy \(\left(m+n+p\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{m}+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{p}\right)=3+\dfrac{2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)}{xyz}=3+\dfrac{2.3xyz}{xyz}=3+6=9\)
Do \(x>y>0\) nên \(x+y\ne0.\) Theo tính chất cơ bạn của phân thức ta có :
\(\frac{x-y}{x+y}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}\left(1\right).\)
Mặt khác , do \(x,y>0\) nên \(x^2+2xy+y^2>x^2+y^2\)
Vậy \(\frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+2xy+y^2}< \frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}\left(2\right)\).Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-y}{x+y}< \frac{x^2-y^2}{x^2+y^2}\)
Từ giải thiết, ta suy ra được những điều sau :
\(\frac{x}{y^3-1}-\frac{y}{x^3-1}=\frac{x}{\left(y-1\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)}-\frac{y}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\left[y-\left(x+y\right)\right]\left(y^2+y+1\right)}-\frac{y}{\left[x-\left(x+y\right)\right]\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x}{-x\left(y^2+y+1\right)}-\frac{y}{-y\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{y^2+y+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\) (1)
Và \(\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)\)
\(=x^2y^2+x^2y+x^2+xy^2+xy+x+y^2+y+1\)
\(=x^2y^2+\left(x^2+xy\left(x+y\right)+xy+y^2\right)+\left(x+y\right)+1\)
\(=x^2y^2+\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+1+1\)
\(=x^2y^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2\)
\(=x^2y^2+3\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra :
\(\frac{x}{y^3-1}-\frac{y}{x^3-1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{y^2+y+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}+\frac{2\left(x-y\right)}{\left(y^2+y+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-x^2-x-1+y^2+y+1+2x-2y}{\left(y^2+y+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-x^2+y^2+x-y}{\left(y^2+y+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y-x\right)+x-y}{\left(y^2+y+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{y-x+x-y}{\left(y^2+y+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=0\)(ĐPCM)
Biến đổi
\(\frac{x}{y^3-1}-\frac{y}{x^3-1}=\frac{x^4-x-y^4+y}{\left(x^3-1\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}=\frac{\left(x^4-y^4\right)-\left(x-y\right)}{xy\left(y^2+y+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
(do x+y=1 => y-1=-x và x-1=-y)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)-\left(x-y\right)}{xy\left(x^2y^2+y^2x+y^2+yx^2+xy+y+x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)}{xy\left[x^2y^2+xy\left(x+y\right)+x^2+y^2+xy+2\right]}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-x+y^2-y\right)}{xy\left[x^2y^2+\left(x+y\right)^2+2\right]}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left[x\left(x-1\right)+y\left(y-1\right)\right]}{xy\left(x^2y^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left[x\left(-y\right)+y\left(-x\right)\right]}{xy\left(x^2y^2+3\right)}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(-2xy\right)}{xy\left(x^2y^2+1\right)}=\frac{-2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
=> ĐPCM