Cho a,b,n thuộc N*. So sánh a+n/b+n vs a/b.
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Xét 3 trường hợp \(\frac{a}{b}=1,\frac{a}{b}>1,\frac{a}{b}< 1\)
TH1: \(\frac{a}{b}=1\)
=> a = b
=> an = bn
=> ab + an = ab + bn
=> a(b + n) = b(a + n)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
TH2: \(\frac{a}{b}>1\)
=> a > b
=> an > bn
=> ab + an > ab + bn
=> a(b + n) > b(a + n)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
TH3: \(\frac{a}{b}< 1\)
=> a < b
=> an < bn
=> ab + an < ab + bn
=> a(b + n) < b(a + n)
=> \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a.\left(b+n\right)}{b.\left(b+n\right)}=\frac{a.b+a.n}{b^2+b.n}\)
\(\frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{b.\left(a+n\right)}{b.\left(b+n\right)}=\frac{a.b+b.n}{b^2+b.n}\)
Với a=b thì:
\(\frac{a}{b}=1;\frac{a+n}{b+n}=1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
Với a<b thì:
\(\frac{a.b+a.n}{b^2+b.n}\frac{a+n}{b+n}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Xét hiệu: \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b\left(a+n\right)}{b\left(b+n\right)}-\frac{a.\left(b+n\right)}{b\left(b+n\right)}=\frac{ab+bn-ab-an}{b\left(b+n\right)}=\frac{\left(b-a\right).n}{b\left(b+n\right)}=\frac{n}{b\left(b+n\right)}.\left(b-a\right)\)
Nếu a\(\le\) b => b - a \(\ge\) 0 => hiệu \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{a+n}{b+n}\ge\frac{a}{b}\)
Nếu a \(\ge\) b => b - a \(\le\) 0 => hiệu \(\frac{a+n}{b+n}-\frac{a}{b}\le0\Rightarrow\frac{a+n}{b+n}\le\frac{a}{b}\)
Vậy.......
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a(b+n)< b(a+n)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+an< ab+bn\Leftrightarrow a< b\)vì n > 0
Như vậy : \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a< b\)
Ta lại có : \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a(b+n)>b(a+n)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+an>ab+bn\Leftrightarrow an>bn\Leftrightarrow a>b\)
Như vậy : \(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow a>b\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Xét $\frac{a}{b}-\frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{a(b+n)-b(a+n)}{b(b+n)}=\frac{n(a-b)}{b(b+n)}$
Nếu $a>b$ thì ${a}{b}-\frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{n(a-b)}{b(b+n)}>0$
$\Rightarrow {a}{b}>\frac{a+n}{b+n}$
Nếu $a=b$ thì ${a}{b}-\frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{n(a-b)}{b(b+n)}=0$
$\Rightarrow {a}{b}=\frac{a+n}{b+n}$
Nếu $a<b$ thì ${a}{b}-\frac{a+n}{b+n}=\frac{n(a-b)}{b(b+n)}<0$
$\Rightarrow {a}{b}<\frac{a+n}{b+n}$