Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

Setting up and running a car company was an expensive business and required a lot of workers. A company that makes its money out of a smart app requires less capital, doesn't have to pay (25) _____ storage or transport in the way that car companies do and (26) _____ virtually no extra costs as the number of users increases. In the jargon of economics, the marginal costs per unit of output tend towards zero and the returns to scale are high. This explains why tech entrepreneurs can get very rich very young.

Technological change has always been (27) _____. There was a polarization of income and wealth in the first wave of industrialization at the beginning of the 19^th century, and this gave rise to political and institutional change over the 100 years between 1850 and 1950: the spread of democracy, the emergence of trade unions; progressive taxation and the development of social safety nets. These helped create bigger markets for the consumer goods that were spawned by the second Industrial Revolution: TVs, radios, vacuum cleaners and the like. (28) _____ over the past four decades a political model that both facilitated the spread of technology and provided some protection against its disruptive consequences has come under attack. Welfare states have become less generous, levels of long-term unemployment are much higher, taxation has become less progressive, and politics has increasingly been dominated by those with the deepest pockets (29) _____ can lobby the loudest.

Điền vào số (27)

A. disruptive        

B. disrupt.   

C. disruption        

D. disruptively

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Đáp án A

Kiến thức về từ loại

A. disruptive /dɪs'rʌptɪv/ (a): đột phá, gián đoạn

B. disrupt /dɪs'rʌpt/ (v): phá vỡ, gián đoạn

C. disruption /dɪs'rʌp∫ən/ (n): sự gián đoạn

Vị trí cần điền cần một tính từ nên loại B,C, D.

Tạm dịch: “Technological change has always been (27) disruptive. There was a polarization of income and wealth in the first wave of industrialization at the beginning of the 19th century, and this gave rise to political and institutional change over the 100 years between 1850 and 1950: the spread of democracy; the emergence of trade unions; progressive taxation and the development of social safety nets. (Thay đổi công nghệ luôn luôn bị (27) làm gián đoạn. Có sự phân cực thu nhập và sự giàu có trong làn sóng công nghiệp hóa đầu tiên vào đầu thế kỷ 19, và điều này đã dẫn đến sự thay đổi chính trị và thể chế trong 100 năm từ 1850 đến 1950: sự lan rộng của nền dân chủ; sự xuất hiện của công đoàn; thuế lũy tiến và sự phát triển của mạng lưới an toàn xã hội.)