giải hệ phương trình:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2xy+x-2y+3=0\\y^2-x^2+2xy+2x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a.
\(2x^3-x^2y+x^2+y^2-2xy-y=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(2x-y+1\right)-y\left(2x-y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-y=0\\2x-y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x^2\\y=2x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu:
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^3+x-2=0\\x\left(2x+1\right)+x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)=0\\x^2+x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b.
\(x^2-2xy+x=-y\)
Thế vào \(y^2\) ở pt dưới:
\(x^2\left(x^2-4y+3\right)+\left(x^2-2xy+x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-4y+3\right)+x^2\left(x-2y+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow y=0\\x^2-4y+3+\left(x-2y+1\right)^2=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4xy+2x+4y^2-8y+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2xy+x\right)+4y^2-8y+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2y+4y^2-8y+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta lấy pt thứ 2 cộng 2 lần với pt thứ nhất ta được:
\(x^2+2xy+y^2+4x-4y+4=0\)
Hay: \(\left(x-y+2\right)^2=0\)
Ta suy ra \(y=x+2\). Thay trở lại pt thứ nhất của hệ ta được:
\(x^2-2x\left(x+2\right)+x-2\left(x+2\right)+3=0\)
Trương đương với: \(x^2+5x+1=0\)
Vì vậy có nghiệm: \(x=\frac{-5\pm\sqrt{21}}{2}\).
Do đó: \(y=x+2=\frac{-1\pm\sqrt{21}}{2}\)
Vậy hệ pt đã cho có 2 nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(\frac{-5+\sqrt{21}}{2};\frac{-1+\sqrt{21}}{2}\right);\left(\frac{-5-\sqrt{21}}{2};\frac{-1-\sqrt{21}}{2}\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
b)\(\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}+\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}=3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}+\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}\right)^2=\left(3\left(x+y\right)\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(5x^2+2xy+2y^2\right)\left(2x^2+2xy+5y^2\right)}=x^2+7xy+y^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(5x^2+2xy+2y^2\right)\left(2x^2+2xy+5y^2\right)=\left(x^2+7xy+y^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;0\right),\left(1;1\right)\right\}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2-6xy+2y^2=6\\x^2+2xy-2y^2=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3x^2-8xy+4y^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x-2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{3}{2}x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu...
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3xy+y^2=3\\x^2+2xy-2y^2=6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\left(1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x^2-6xy+2y^2=6\\x^2+2xy-2y^2=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-8xy+4y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-2y\right)-2y\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(3x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2y\\x=\dfrac{2y}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào \(\left(1\right)\) ta được:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2.\left(2y\right)^2-3.2y.y+y^2=3\\2.\left(\dfrac{2y}{3}\right)^2-3.\dfrac{2y}{3}.y+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y^2=1\\y^2=-27\left(VLý\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-4xy+2x-4y+6=0\\y^2-x^2+2xy+2x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-2xy+4\left(x-y\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow y=x+2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x\left(x+2\right)+x-2\left(x+2\right)+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)