Cho x,y là hai số thực thỏa mản x.y=1. Chứng minh: \(\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)+ \(^{x^2}\)+ \(^{y^2}\)\(\ge3\)
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\(\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)-1\)
\(=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+1}+\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)-1\)( vì xy=1)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4}{x^2+y^2+1}.\left(x^2+y^2+1\right)}-1\)(áp dụng bđt cô si )
\(=2\sqrt{4}-1=3\)
---> đpcm
\(\frac{x}{y^3-1}-\frac{y}{x^3-1}\)
\(=\frac{1-y}{\left(y-1\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)}-\frac{1-x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{y^2+y+1}+\frac{1}{x^2+x+1}\)
\(=\frac{-x^2-x-1+y^2+y+1}{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(y^2+y+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y^2-x^2\right)+y-x}{x^2y^2+x^2y+x^2+xy^2+xy+x+y^2+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{\left(y-x\right)\left(y+x\right)+y-x}{x^2y^2+x^2y+xy^2+x^2+xy+y^2+x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{y-x+y-x}{x^2y^2+xy\left(x+y\right)+x\left(x+y\right)+y^2+x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+xy+x+y^2+x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+x\left(y+1\right)+y^2+x+y+1}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+\left(1-y\right)\left(y+1\right)+y^2+\left(x+y\right)+1}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+1-y^2+y^2+1+1}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(y-x\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{y^2}+\frac{y^2}{x^2}+4\ge3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-2+4-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+1\right)-3\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}-1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+2\right)\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Đến đây có 2 cách giải quyết
Cách 1:
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{xy}\cdot\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{xy}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{x^2y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2\left[\left(x-\frac{y}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3y^2}{4}\right]}{x^2y^2}\ge0\left(true!!!\right)\)
Cách 2 là đặt ẩn:)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}=t\Rightarrow t^2=\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\frac{x}{y}\cdot\frac{y}{x}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|t\right|\ge2\)
Khi đó ta có:
\(\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\ge2\Rightarrow t+1>0;t-2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)\ge0\)
Nếu \(t\le-2\Rightarrow t+1< 0;t-2< 0\Rightarrow\left(t+1\right)\left(t-2\right)>0\)
=> đpcm
Ta có \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\)
Xét \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
<=> \(x^3\ge\left(2018^2-2.2018.x+x^2\right)\left(x-\frac{1009}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(x^3\ge x^3-x^2\left(\frac{1009}{2}+2018.2\right)+x\left(2018.1009+2018^2\right)-\frac{2018^2.1009}{2}\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}x^2-6.1009^2.x+2018.1009^2\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}\left(x^2-\frac{2.2018}{3}.x+\left(\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\right)\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}\left(x-\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng)
=> \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
Khi đó \(VT\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}+y-\frac{1009}{2}+z-\frac{1009}{2}=2018-\frac{3}{2}.1009=\frac{1009}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2018}{3}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\)
xét \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2018-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
<=> \(x^3\ge\left(x^2-2.2018.x+2018^2\right)\left(x-\frac{1009}{2}\right)\)
<=> \(x^3\ge x^3-x^2\left(\frac{1009}{2}+2.2018\right)+x\left(2018^2+1009.2018\right)-\frac{2018^2.1009}{2}\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}x^2-6.1009^2.x+2018.1009^2\ge0\)
<=> \(\frac{9081}{2}.\left(x-\frac{2018}{3}\right)^2\ge0\)( luôn đúng)
=> \(\frac{x^3}{\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1009}{2}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge x+y+z-\frac{3.1009}{2}=\frac{1009}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2018}{3}\)
\(x^4+y^4+\left(x+y\right)^4=2\left(x^4+y^4+2x^3y+3x^2y^2+2xy^3\right)\)
\(=2\left(\left(x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2\right)+\left(2x^3y+2xy^3\right)+x^2y^2\right)\)
\(=2\left(\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2+2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)+x^2y^2\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+y^2+xy\right)^2\)
Đặt x2 + xy + y2 = a2 ; x + y = b.Ta có :
a4 = (a2)2 = (x2 + xy + y2)2 = x4 + y4 + x2y2 + 2x3y + 2xy2 + 2x2y2 = x4 + y4 + x2y2 + 2xy(x2 + y2 + xy) = x4 + y4 + x2y2 + 2xya2 (1)
mà b = x + y
=> b2 = x2 + y2 + 2xy = a2 + xy => b4 = a4 + x2y2 + 2a2xy .Từ (1) và (2) ,ta có :
2a4 = x4 + y4 + a4 + x2y2 + 2xya2 = x4 + y4 + b4.Thay a2 = x2 + xy + y2 ; b = x + y,ta có đpcm
<=>
\(A=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+x^2+y^2\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2-2\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{3}{4}2xy-2\)
\(=\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\frac{3}{2}-2\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy:
\(A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}2\sqrt{x^2y^2}+\frac{3}{2}-2\)
\(A\ge2+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}-2\)
\(A\ge3\)