Giải hệ phương trình : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3+y^3=91\\12x^2+9y^2=48x+27y\end{matrix}\right.\)
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Cộng vế với vế:
\(x^2+2xy+y^2+x+y=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+y\right)-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-4\\xy=5-\left(x+y\right)=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Viet đảo, x và y là nghiệm: \(t^2-4t+9=0\) (vô nghiệm)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=3\\xy=5-\left(x+y\right)=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Viet đảo, x và y là nghiệm:
\(t^2-3t+2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right);\left(2;1\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-y^3=35\\2x^2+3y^2=4x-9y\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3-x^3=-35\\3y^2+9y+2x^2-4x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3-x^3=-35\\9y^2+27y+6x^2-12x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y^3+9y^2+27y\right)-\left(x^3-6x^2+12x\right)=-35\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y^3+9y^2+27y+27\right)-\left(x^3-6x^2+12x-8\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+3\right)^3-\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y-x+5\right)\left[\left(y+3\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)^2\right]=0\)
*Với \(x=y+5\). Thay vào (1) ta được:
\(2\left(y+5\right)^2+3y^2=4\left(y+5\right)-9y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+20y+50+3y^2=4y+20-9y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5y^2+25y+30=0\Leftrightarrow y^2+5y+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=-2\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
*\(y=-2\Rightarrow x=3\) ; \(y=-3\Rightarrow x=2\).
*Với \(\left(y+3\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)^2=0\). Ta có:
\(\left(y+3\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)\left(x-2\right)+\left(x-2\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\left(y+3\right)+\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)}{2}\right]^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2;y=-3\)
Vậy \(x=2;y=-3\)
Thử lại ta có nghiệm (x;y) của hệ đã cho là \(\left(3;-2\right),\left(2;-3\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+3=4x\\x^3+12x+y^3=6x^2+9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+y^2=1\\\left(x^3-6x^2+12x-8\right)+y^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2+y^2=1\\\left(x-2\right)^3+y^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(a=x-2;b=y\). Hệ phương trình trở thành:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=1\\a^3+b^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2ab=\left(a+b\right)^2-1\\\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2ab=\left(a+b\right)^2-1\\\left(a+b\right)\left(1-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-1}{2}\right)=1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[3-\left(a+b\right)^2\right]=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)-\left(a+b\right)^3=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-3\left(a+b\right)+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3-\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)-2\left(a+b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+b-1\right)+\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-1\right)-2\left(a+b-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)-2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-1\right)^2\left(a+b+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\a+b=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\a^2+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\ab=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2;y\right)=\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right),\left(3;0\right)\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-2\\a^2+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-2\\\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-2=S\\ab=\dfrac{3}{2}=P\end{matrix}\right.\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(S^2-4P=\left(-2\right)^2-4.\dfrac{3}{2}=-2< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Không tồn tại số a,b nào thỏa hệ phương trình (2).
Vậy nghiệm (x;y) của hpt đã cho là \(\left(2;1\right),\left(3;0\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(8x^3-12x^2y+6xy^2-y^3=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-y\right)^3=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-y=2\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2x-2\)
Thế xuống pt dưới:
\(\left(x^2-2x-2\right)\left(-3x^2+6x-9\right)=14\)
Đặt \(x^2-2x=t\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(-3t-9\right)=14\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Từ pt dưới:
\(x^2+9y^2=6xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-6xy+9y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-3y=0\Leftrightarrow x=3y\)
Thế lên pt trên: \(2.\left(3y\right)^2+y^2=19\)
\(\Leftrightarrow19y^2=19\Leftrightarrow y^2=1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\Rightarrow x=3\\y=-1\Rightarrow x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)