Cho a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh một tam giác. Tìm:
\(MinP=\dfrac{4a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{4c}{a+b-c}\)
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NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
9 tháng 4 2021
\(ab+bc+ca=3\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\\abc\le1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\le\dfrac{3}{8}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a}{6a+2}+\dfrac{b}{6b+2}+\dfrac{c}{6c+2}\) nên chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{a}{3a+1}+\dfrac{b}{3b+1}+\dfrac{c}{3c+1}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3a+1}+\dfrac{1}{3b+1}+\dfrac{1}{3c+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)+\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)+\left(3c+1\right)\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27abc+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow24\left(a+b+c\right)+120\ge165+9\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\) (đúng)
26 tháng 5 2021
Đặt b + c - a = x; c + a - b = y; a + b - c = z. (x, y, z > 0)
Ta có \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{9c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{y+z}{2x}+\dfrac{2\left(z+x\right)}{y}+\dfrac{9\left(x+y\right)}{2z}=\left(\dfrac{y}{2x}+\dfrac{2x}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{2x}+\dfrac{9x}{2z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{9y}{2z}+\dfrac{2z}{y}\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{2x}.\dfrac{2x}{y}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{2x}.\dfrac{9x}{2z}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{9y}{2z}.\dfrac{2z}{y}}=2+3+6=11\).
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(3y=2z=6x\Leftrightarrow3\left(c+a-b\right)=2\left(b+c-a\right)=6\left(a+b-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{5}{6};b=\dfrac{2}{3};c=\dfrac{1}{2}\).
XO
20 tháng 1 2023
Ta có bất đẳng thức sau
a2 + b2 + c2 \(\ge\) ab + bc + ca (1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Thật vậy (1) <=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca \(\ge0\)
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 \(\ge0\) (bđt này luôn đúng)
Khi đó ta được (1) <=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\ge\) 2(ab + bc + ca)
<=> 3(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\ge\) 2ab + 2bc + 2ca + a2 + b2 + c2
<=> 3(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\ge\) (a + b + c)2
=> -(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\le\dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}\)
Ta có \(P=\dfrac{b+c}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b-c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}+3\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc-b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc-c^2}+3\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac-a^2+ab+bc-b^2+ac+bc-c^2}+3\) (BĐT Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+2ac+2bc-a^2-b^2-c^2}+3\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+3\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+3=\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}+3=6\) (đpcm)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
12 tháng 1 2022
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\dfrac{2}{b}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\right)\ge\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
24 tháng 3 2023
cho em hỏi tại sao 1/a+b-c +1/b+c-a>=4/a+b-c+b+c-a vậy ạ
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
22 tháng 12 2020
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+bc\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+ca\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a-b\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{bc\left(b-c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{ca\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)+bc\left(b^2-c^2\right)+ca\left(c^2-a^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\) hay tam giác cân
14 tháng 10 2021
\(A=\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{2b}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2c}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2a}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) \(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Đặt \(b+c-a=2x;c+a-b=2y;a+b-c=2z\) \(\Rightarrow a=y+z;b=x+z;c=x+y\)
\(\dfrac{4a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{4c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{4\left(y+z\right)}{2x}+\dfrac{4\left(x+z\right)}{2y}+\dfrac{4\left(x+y\right)}{2z}\)\(=\dfrac{2\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\dfrac{2\left(x+z\right)}{y}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{z}=2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\ge2.\left(2+2+2\right)=12\)