CMR: Nếu (a,b) = 1 thì (a2, a+b) = 1
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`1)(a+b+c)^2=3(a^2+b^2+c^2)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3a^2+3b^2+3c^2`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
`2)(a+b+c)^2=3(ab+bc+ca)`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca`
`<=>a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca`
`<=>2ab+2bc+2ca=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=0`
`<=>(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0`
Mà `(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2>=0`
Vậy dấu "=" xảy ra chỉ có thể là `a=b=c`
Vậy nếu `a=b=c` thì ....
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: a + b = 1 ⇔ b = 1 – a
Thay vào bất đẳng thức a2 + b2 ≥ 1/2 , ta được:
a2 + (1 – a)2 ≥ 1/2 ⇔ a2 + 1 – 2a + a2 ≥ 1/2
⇔ 2a2 – 2a + 1 ≥ 1/2 ⇔ 4a2 – 4a + 2 ≥ 1
⇔ 4a2 – 4a + 1 ≥ 0 ⇔ (2a – 1)2 ≥ 0 (luôn đúng)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a+b=1=>b=1-a\)
\(=>a^2+\left(1-a\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(=>a^2+1-2a+a^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2a+2a^2+1\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(-2a+2a^2+1\right).2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4a+4a^2+2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4a+4a^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-1\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
\(''=''\left(khi\right)2a-1=0=>a=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2\ge2ab+a^2+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^2c^2-b^2-c^2+1\right)+b\left(a^2c^2-a^2-c^2+1\right)\)
\(+c\left(a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\right)\)
\(=ab^2c^2-ab^2-ac^2+a+ba^2c^2-a^2b-bc^2+b\)
\(+ca^2b^2-a^2c-b^2c+c\)
\(=\left(ab^2c^2+ba^2c^2+ca^2b^2\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(-\left(ab^2+ac^2+a^2b+bc^2+a^2c+b^2c\right)\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+ca\left(c+a\right)\right]\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left[ab\left(a+b+c\right)+bc\left(a+b+c\right)+ca\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)+3abc\)\(-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=abc\left(bc+ac+ab\right)+abc+3abc\)\(-abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=4abc\)
Vậy \(a\left(b^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+b\left(a^2-1\right)\left(c^2-1\right)+c\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)=4abc\)(đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Với mọi số thực ta luôn có:
`(a-b)^2>=0`
`<=>a^2-2ab+b^2>=0`
`<=>a^2+b^2>=2ab`
`<=>2(a^2+b^2)>=(a+b)^2=1`
`<=>a^2+b^2>=1/2(đpcm)`
Dấu "=' `<=>a=b=1/2`
ta có:
(a²+b²)(1²+1²)≥(a.1+b.1)²
⇔ 2(a²+b²) ≥ (a+b)²
⇔ 2(a²+b²)≥ 1 (vì a+b=1)
⇔ a² +b² ≥ 1/2 (đpcm)
dấu "=) xảy ra khi a = b = 1/2
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+2b+c}\ge\dfrac{4}{\dfrac{a^2+1}{2}+b^2+1+\dfrac{c^2+1}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}\)
Tương tự
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)
Cộng vế:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{8}{c^2+7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{b^2+7}+\dfrac{4}{c^2+7}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)