Cho a, b, c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a2+ b2 +c2 = ( a- b )2 + ( b-c )2 + ( c-a )2 và ab + bc +ca =9. Tính a +b +c.
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Đặt \(P=a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
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Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)
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Bài 2 :
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 3ab + 3bc + 3ca
<=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
<=> ( a - b )^2 + ( b - c )^2 + ( c - a )^2 = 0
<=> a = b = c
1.
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+18=2ab+6a+6b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-6a+9\right)+\left(b^2-6b+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-3\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\a-3=0\\b-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=3\)
2.
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
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Giả sử \(c\le1\).
Khi đó: \(ab+bc+ca-abc=ab\left(1-c\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge abc\left(1\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra chẳng hạn với \(a=2,b=c=0\).
Theo giả thiết:
\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge2ab+c^2+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(c+2\right)\le4-c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\le2-c\)
Trong ba số \(\left(a-1\right),\left(b-1\right),\left(c-1\right)\) luôn có hai số cùng dấu.
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\).
\(\Rightarrow ab-a-b+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\ge a+b-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge ca+bc-c\)
\(\Rightarrow abc+2\ge ca+bc+2-c\ge ab+bc+ca\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\) Bất đẳng thức được chứng minh.
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\(\)Ta có: \(a+b+c=0 \Rightarrow b+c=-a \Rightarrow (b+c)^2=(-a)^2 \Leftrightarrow b^2+c^2+2bc=a^2 \Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2-c^2=2bc\)
Tương tự: \(b^2-c^2-a^2=2ca;c^2-a^2-b^2=2ab\)
\(P=...=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2bc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
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Bổ đề \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\)
Ở đây ta c/m chiều thuận:
Với \(a+b+c=0 \Leftrightarrow a+b=-c \Rightarrow (a+b)^3=(-c)^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab(a+b)=-c^3 \Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc(QED)\)
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\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{1}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a^3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=a^3=\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^3=\dfrac{1}{27}\)
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\(P\le a^2+b^2+c^2+3\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=12\)
\(P_{max}=12\) khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lại có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3}\)
\(a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le a+b+c\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}+3\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2+3\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\Rightarrow\sqrt{3}\le x\le3\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2+3x-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+6+\sqrt{3}\right)+3\sqrt{3}\ge3\sqrt{3}\)
\(P_{min}=3\sqrt{3}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{3}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(0;0;\sqrt{3}\right)\) và hoán vị
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2=a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a^2+b^2+c^2=18\) ( do ab+bc+ca = 9 )
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=18+2.9=36\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a+b+c=6\) ( do a,b,c là các số thực dương)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2-2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)( cùng bớt \(a^2+b^2+c^2\)ở cả 2 vế )
\(a^2+b^2+c^2-2.9=0\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2=18\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(=18+2.\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(=18+2.9\)
\(=18+18\)
\(=36\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\sqrt{36}=6\)
Vậy \(a+b+c=6\)
Tham khảo nhé~