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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2) Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet, trong ba số \(a^2-1;b^2-1;c^2-1\) có ít nhất hai số nằm cùng phía với 1.
Giả sử đó là a2 - 1 và b2 - 1. Khi đó \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+3a^2+3b^2+9\ge4a^2+4b^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\) (2)
Mà \(4\left[\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\right]\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (3)(Áp dụng Bunhicopxki và cái ngoặc vuông)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có đpcm.
Sai thì chịu
Xí quên bài 2 b:v
b) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(b^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2+\frac{1}{16}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\frac{5}{4}a^2+\frac{5}{4}b^2+\frac{15}{16}\)
Hay \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{2}c+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}=3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge3.\frac{4}{a+b}=4.\frac{3}{a+b}\)
\(\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\ge4.\frac{2}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge4.\frac{1}{a+c}\)
=> \(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{5}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng ta có :
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=a.\frac{1}{b+c}\le a.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự :
\(\frac{b}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có :
\(\frac{b+c}{a}\ge4.\frac{a}{b+c}\)
\(\frac{c+a}{b}\ge\frac{4b}{c+a}\)
\(\frac{a+b}{c}\ge\frac{ac}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}+\frac{a+b}{c}\ge4.\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi a= b = c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Ta viết lại biểu thức vế trái:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}=\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(=a\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+b\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ: \(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\geq \frac{4}{b+c}; \frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\geq \frac{4}{c+a}; \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\geq \frac{4}{a+b}\)
Do đó:
\(\text{VT}\geq a.\frac{4}{b+c}+b.\frac{4}{c+a}+c.\frac{4}{a+b}=4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Có: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+3\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{c+a}{a}\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4b}{a+b}+\frac{4c}{b+c}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\)
\(\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}+\frac{4b}{a+b}+\frac{4c}{b+c}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{4c}{c+a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\ge4+4+4\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\ge12\)(1)
Áp dụng Cô-si: (1) đúng.
Vậy Bất đẳng thức ban đầu đúng.
"=" <=> a = b = c.
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+3\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{b}-\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{c}-\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{a}-\frac{4c}{c+a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a\left(a+c\right)}\ge0\)
Luôn đúng vì a,b,c là các số dương
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c}+4c\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c}\cdot4c}=4\left(a+b\right)\\ \frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a}+4a\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a}\cdot4a}=4\left(b+c\right)\\ \frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{b}+4b\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{b}\cdot4b}=4\left(c+a\right)\\ \Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{b}+4\left(a+b+c\right)\ge8\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{a}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{b}\ge4\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\le\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(\Rightarrow VP\le4\left(\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có : \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\left(2\sqrt{ab}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge2.2\sqrt{ab}.\frac{1}{2}=2\sqrt{ab}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có ;
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra
\(VT\ge VP\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có : \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\le\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(\Rightarrow VP\le4\left(\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta cso :
\(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\left(2\sqrt{ab}+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge2.2\sqrt{ab}.\frac{1}{2}=2\sqrt{ab}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(VT\ge VP\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!