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a) x2+y2-4x+4y+8=0
⇔ (x-2)2+(y+2)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)5x2-4xy+y2=0
⇔ x2+(2x-y)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)x2+2y2+z2-2xy-2y-4z+5=0
⇔ (x-y)2+(y-1)2+(z-2)2=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\y-1=0\\z-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: Ta có: \(5x^2-4xy+y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\dfrac{4}{5}xy+y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{2}{5}y+\dfrac{4}{25}y^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2+\dfrac{21}{25}y^2=0\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
\(3x^2+y^2+z^2+2x-2y+2xy+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2+y^2+1+2xy-2y-2x)+2(x^2+2x+1)+z^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+y-1)^2+2(x+1)^2+z^2=0\)
Vì \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y-1)^2\geq 0\\ (x+1)^2\geq 0\\ z^2\geq 0\end{matrix}\right., \forall x,y,z\in\mathbb{R}\)
Do đó: \((x+y-1)^2+2(x+1)^2+z^2\geq 0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y-1)^2=0\\ (x+1)^2=0\\ z^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=-1\\ y=2\\ z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2:
a: \(3x^2-3xy=3x\left(x-y\right)\)
b: \(x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
c: \(3x-3y+xy-y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+y\right)\)
d: \(x^2-y^2+2y-1=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)