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7 tháng 12 2023

1 F

2 A

3 B

4 D

5 C

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to in­correct answer to each of the questions FOOD FIRST How much do you know about the history of some of your favorite you know when people in England started cooking curry dishes? Do you know in which country pizzas or hamburgers were first made? The factsmight surprise you. Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. In reality, wealthy English people were eating...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to in­correct answer to each of the questions

FOOD FIRST

How much do you know about the history of some of your favorite you know when people in England started cooking curry dishes? Do you know in which country pizzas or hamburgers were first made? The factsmight surprise you.

Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. In reality, wealthy English people were eating dishes made with curry spices hundreds of years before British ships traveled to India. Cooks of wealthy English families during the time of King Richard I were making curry dishes, and in fact, the word “curry” can be found in an English language cookbook as far back as 1377.

As for pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia (what is now Iran). The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s. That was nearly 1,000 years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!

Finally, let’s look at the truth behind hamburgers. Many people think hamburgers are an American food. However, according to some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg,
Germany. A German named Otto Kuasw created the first hamburger in 1891. Four years later,
German sailors introduced hamburgers to Americans.

Where foods come from isn’t nearly as important as how they taste; as long as they are delicious! So, go get some of yourfavorite food and dig in.

41. What is the main idea of this reading?
A. Curry was created in England. B. There are many foods that help your body.
C. People created fast food long ago. D. Some facts about foods are surprising.
42. Which is probably true about British curry dishes in the 1400s?
A. The dishes did not have meat. B. The spices cost a lot.
C. People ate curry on special days. D. British sailors first made curry.
43. What did people in Naples learn from Persians?
A. How to make pizza B. How to cook cheese
C. How to use spices from Iran D. How to make flat bread
44. Who introduced hamburgers to America?
A. Persians B. Otto Kuasw C. Italians D. German sailors

45. Which food was probably made first?
A. Hamburgers B. Cheesy Persian bread

C. Italian pizza D. English curry

1
26 tháng 1

41.D

42.C

43.A

44.D

45.B

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to in­correct answer to each of the questions FOOD FIRST How much do you know about the history of some of your favorite you know when people in England started cooking curry dishes? Do you know in which country pizzas or hamburgers were first made? The factsmight surprise you. Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. In reality, wealthy English people were eating...
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to in­correct answer to each of the questions

FOOD FIRST

How much do you know about the history of some of your favorite you know when people in England started cooking curry dishes? Do you know in which country pizzas or hamburgers were first made? The factsmight surprise you.

Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. In reality, wealthy English people were eating dishes made with curry spices hundreds of years before British ships traveled to India. Cooks of wealthy English families during the time of King Richard I were making curry dishes, and in fact, the word “curry” can be found in an English language cookbook as far back as 1377.

As for pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia (what is now Iran). The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s. That was nearly 1,000 years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!

Finally, let’s look at the truth behind hamburgers. Many people think hamburgers are an American food. However, according to some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg,
Germany. A German named Otto Kuasw created the first hamburger in 1891. Four years later,
German sailors introduced hamburgers to Americans.

Where foods come from isn’t nearly as important as how they taste; as long as they are delicious! So, go get some of yourfavorite food and dig in.

41. What is the main idea of this reading?
A. Curry was created in England. B. There are many foods that help your body.
C. People created fast food long ago. D. Some facts about foods are surprising.
42. Which is probably true about British curry dishes in the 1400s?
A. The dishes did not have meat. B. The spices cost a lot.
C. People ate curry on special days. D. British sailors first made curry.
43. What did people in Naples learn from Persians?
A. How to make pizza B. How to cook cheese
C. How to use spices from Iran D. How to make flat bread
44. Who introduced hamburgers to America?
A. Persians B. Otto Kuasw C. Italians D. German sailors

45. Which food was probably made first?
A. Hamburgers B. Cheesy Persian bread

C. Italian pizza D. English curry

0
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to in­correct answer to each of the questions FOOD FIRST How much do you know about the history of some of your favorite you know when people in England started cooking curry dishes? Do you know in which country pizzas or hamburgers were first made? The factsmight surprise you. Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. In reality, wealthy English people were eating...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to in­correct answer to each of the questions

FOOD FIRST

How much do you know about the history of some of your favorite you know when people in England started cooking curry dishes? Do you know in which country pizzas or hamburgers were first made? The factsmight surprise you.

Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. In reality, wealthy English people were eating dishes made with curry spices hundreds of years before British ships traveled to India. Cooks of wealthy English families during the time of King Richard I were making curry dishes, and in fact, the word “curry” can be found in an English language cookbook as far back as 1377.

As for pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia (what is now Iran). The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s. That was nearly 1,000 years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!

Finally, let’s look at the truth behind hamburgers. Many people think hamburgers are an American food. However, according to some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg,
Germany. A German named Otto Kuasw created the first hamburger in 1891. Four years later,
German sailors introduced hamburgers to Americans.

Where foods come from isn’t nearly as important as how they taste; as long as they are delicious! So, go get some of yourfavorite food and dig in.

41. What is the main idea of this reading?
A. Curry was created in England. B. There are many foods that help your body.
C. People created fast food long ago. D. Some facts about foods are surprising.
42. Which is probably true about British curry dishes in the 1400s?
A. The dishes did not have meat. B. The spices cost a lot.
C. People ate curry on special days. D. British sailors first made curry.
43. What did people in Naples learn from Persians?
A. How to make pizza B. How to cook cheese
C. How to use spices from Iran D. How to make flat bread
44. Who introduced hamburgers to America?
A. Persians B. Otto Kuasw C. Italians D. German sailors

45. Which food was probably made first?
A. Hamburgers B. Cheesy Persian bread

C. Italian pizza D. English curry

0
VII. Circle the correct sentence: 1. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. A. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walks on the moon. B. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon. C. Neil Armstrong was the first man who he walks on the moon. D. Neil Armstrong was the first man who he walked on the moon 2. There're 45 sentences which have to be done in this test. A. There're 45 sentences to be do in this test. B. There're 45 sentences has to be done in this...
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VII. Circle the correct sentence:

1. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.

A. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walks on the moon.

B. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.

C. Neil Armstrong was the first man who he walks on the moon.

D. Neil Armstrong was the first man who he walked on the moon

2. There're 45 sentences which have to be done in this test.

A. There're 45 sentences to be do in this test.

B. There're 45 sentences has to be done in this test.

C. There're 45 sentences to be done in this test.

D. There're 45 sentences to have to be done in this test.

3. I didn't intend to change my job.

A. I didn't have intention for change my job

B. I had intention to change my job

C. I didn't have any intend to change my job

D. I didn't have intention of changing my job

4. Usually, people gave much thought to their future.

A. Usually, people thinked much to their future

B. Usually, people thought much to their future

C. Usually, people thought much for their future

D. Usually, people thought much of their future

5. Children often know little about their job and take no steps to find out.

A. They do nothing to improve the situation B. They often overcome difficulties.

C. They try their best D. They put aside the problems

6. Taking photographs is not permitted here.

A. Photographers must not use flash here B. Do not remove these photographs

C. Do not use your camera here D. Photographs are on sale here

7. I thought this film would be better.

A. The film was boring B. The film made me bored

C. I didn't like the film because it was boring D. The film wasn't as good as I expected

8. You press this button to stop the machine.

A. If you press this button, the machine doesn't stop

B. You can use this button to operate the machine

C. This button helps you to stop the machine

D. The machine can't stop without this button

9. I have never read such a good book before.

A. This book is the best I have never read.

B. This book is the best I have ever read.

C. This is the first time I had read such a good book.

D. This is the first time I read a good book.

10. The trip was boring but we enjoyed it a lot.

A. We enjoyed boring trips. B. We were bored with the trip

C. The trip bored us D. We liked the trip very much although it was boring

0
EX1: 1. The young man....was released after the court was found innocent of all charges against him A. who B. who he C. which D. whose 2. Is that the same film ...... we watched last year? A. when B. which C. why D. who 3. The girl..... I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully A. Whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom 4. The first television picture... John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November 1905 was a boy .... worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in...
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EX1:

1. The young man....was released after the court was found innocent of all charges against him

A. who B. who he C. which D. whose

2. Is that the same film ...... we watched last year?

A. when B. which C. why D. who

3. The girl..... I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully

A. Whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom

4. The first television picture... John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November 1905 was a boy .... worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London

A. which, whom B. who, which C. that, whose D. that, who

5. Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England,....... she still lives, was 100 last year

A. that, in which B. who, where C. that, where D. who, that

6, The pollution ...... they were talking is getting worse

A. that B. about which C. which D. whom

7. Robert Riva, an Italian player..... used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football team

A. when B. which C. where D. who

8. When I was at school, there was a girl in my class..... skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on

A. where B. whose C. whom D. that

9. Unfortunately, the friend with ..... I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip

A. who B, whom C, where D, that

10. The new stadium,...... will be completed next year, will seat 30000 spectators

A, what B, where C, when D, that

11. Blenheim Palace, .... Churchill was born, is now open to the public

A, when B. where C. which D. whose

12. The man..... I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university

A. which B. whom C, whose D. why

13. Cathy is trustworthy. She's a person upon ..... you can always depend

A. who B, whom C. that D. x

14. Your career focus on a field in...... you are genuinely interested

A. which B, what C, that D. x

15. People.... outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people

A, whose B, whom C, that D. which

16. The girl ..... dress you admire has been working for an export company since she left school

A, who B, what C, whose D. whom

17, One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel,..... is a member of the local council

A. that B, who C. who, D. x

18. The Titanic,.... Gsank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable

A. whose B, that C, which D, who

19, The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group

A. which B. that C. who D, whose

20. Genghis Khan, .... name means "very mighty ruler" was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages

A. whom B. whose C. who D. how

6
25 tháng 8 2020

1. The young man....was released after the court was found innocent of all charges against him

A. who

B. who he

C. which

D. whose

2. Is that the same film ...... we watched last year?

A. when

B. which

C. why

D. who

3. The girl..... I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully

A. Whose

B. from whom

C. from whose

D. whom

4. The first television picture... John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November 1905 was a boy .... worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London

A. which, whom

B. who, which

C. that, whose

D. that, who

5. Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England,....... she still lives, was 100 last year

A. that, in which

B. who, where

C. that, where

D. who, that

6, The pollution ...... they were talking is getting worse

A. that

B. about which

C. which

D. whom

7. Robert Riva, an Italian player..... used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football team

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. who

8. When I was at school, there was a girl in my class..... skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on

A. where

B. whose

C. whom

D. that

9. Unfortunately, the friend with ..... I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip

A. who

B, whom

C, where

D, that

10. The new stadium,...... will be completed next year, will seat 30000 spectators

A, what

B, where

C, when

D, that

11. Blenheim Palace, .... Churchill was born, is now open to the public

A, when

B. where

C. which

D. whose

12. The man..... I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university

A. which

B. whom

C, whose

D. why

13. Cathy is trustworthy. She's a person upon ..... you can always depend

A. who

B, whom

C. that

D. x

14. Your career focus on a field in...... you are genuinely interested

A. which

B, what

C, that

D. x

15. People.... outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people

A, whose

B, whom

C, that

D. which

16. The girl ..... dress you admire has been working for an export company since she left school

A, who

B, what

C, whose

D. whom

17, One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel,..... is a member of the local council

A. that

B, who

C. who,

D. x

18. The Titanic,.... Gsank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable

A. whose

B, that

C, which

D, who

19, The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group

A. which

B. that

C. who

D, whose

20. Genghis Khan, .... name means "very mighty ruler" was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages

A. whom

B. whose

C. who

D. how

27 tháng 8 2020

dạ vâng

Read the passage and choose the best answers : Louis Braille was born in France in 1809 . His father had a small business . He made shoes and other things from leather . Louis liked to help his father in the store even when he was very small . One day when Louis was 3 years old , he was cutting some leather , suddenly the knife slipped and hit him in the eyes . He soon became completely blind . When he was ten years old , he entered the National Institute for the blind in Paris . One day his...
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Read the passage and choose the best answers :

Louis Braille was born in France in 1809 . His father had a small business . He made shoes and other things from leather . Louis liked to help his father in the store even when he was very small . One day when Louis was 3 years old , he was cutting some leather , suddenly the knife slipped and hit him in the eyes . He soon became completely blind .

When he was ten years old , he entered the National Institute for the blind in Paris . One day his class went to visit a speacial exhibit by a captain in the army . One thing in the exhibit was very interesting for Louis . It showed messages in code . Armies send messages in secret codes so no - one else can read them . The captain wrote this code in raised letters on very thick paper .

Louis thought a lot about this code . Then he decided to write in the same way so the blind could " read " with their fingers . It is very difficult to feel the differences between raised letters . Instead of letters , Louis used a " cell " of six dots . He arranged the dots with two dots across and three down . So blind people can read and write even write music by Braille .

1 . It is difficult to feel the differences between ................................

A . arrangements of dots

B . coded messages

C . raised letters

D . a system of raised dots

2 . Louis Braille's father made things from .............................

A . codes

B . exhibit

C. leather

D . wood

3 . Which of these sentences is probably not true ?

A . Braille invented a system of reading for blind people .

B . Braille system is used for everyone .

C . Braille visited an exhibit of codes

D . Braille was an intelligent boy .

4 . When Louis was ten years old , he began to study ......................................

A . at a local school

B . at a special school for the blind .

C . in the army

D . at a university .

1
10 tháng 11 2018

Read the passage and choose the best answers:

Louis Braille was born in France in 1809 . His father had a small business . He made shoes and other things from leather . Louis liked to help his father in the store even when he was very small . One day when Louis was 3 years old , he was cutting some leather , suddenly the knife slipped and hit him in the eyes . He soon became completely blind .

When he was ten years old , he entered the National Institute for the blind in Paris . One day his class went to visit a speacial exhibit by a captain in the army . One thing in the exhibit was very interesting for Louis . It showed messages in code . Armies send messages in secret codes so no - one else can read them . The captain wrote this code in raised letters on very thick paper .

Louis thought a lot about this code . Then he decided to write in the same way so the blind could " read " with their fingers . It is very difficult to feel the differences between raised letters . Instead of letters , Louis used a " cell " of six dots . He arranged the dots with two dots across and three down . So blind people can read and write even write music by Braille .

1 . It is difficult to feel the differences between ................................

A . arrangements of dots

B . coded messages

C . raised letters

D . a system of raised dots

2 . Louis Braille's father made things from .............................

A . codes

B . exhibit

C. leather

D . wood

3 . Which of these sentences is probably not true ?

A . Braille invented a system of reading for blind people .

B . Braille system is used for everyone .

C . Braille visited an exhibit of codes

D . Braille was an intelligent boy .

4 . When Louis was ten years old , he began to study ......................................

A . at a local school

B . at a special school for the blind .

C . in the army

D . at a university .

Giup e với . Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Cell phones are an integrated part of our society at this point, and their main use is communication. They keep students in touch with the rest of the world by giving them the power to interact with it . In my day, if you forgot your lunch you were at the mercy of the office calling home for you. Now, students have the ability to solve their own problems...
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Giup e với . Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Cell phones are an integrated part of our society at this point, and their main use is communication. They keep students in touch with the rest of the world by giving them the power to interact with it . In my day, if you forgot your lunch you were at the mercy of the office calling home for you. Now, students have the ability to solve their own problems and handle certain "emergencies" on their own. Cell phones also allow students the ability when the time is right, to keep in touch with students at other schools or friends that don't go to school. While not an educational benefit directly, better relationships can lead to higher self-esteem and reduce isolation, which is good for everybody. In the same way, camera phones allow students to capture the kinds of memories that help build a solid school culture, and, in some cases, can act as documentation of misbehavior in the same way that store cameras provide evidence and deter bad behavior. Academically, the cell phone can act as to record video of a procedure of explanation that may need to be reviewed later. It could be used to record audio of a lecture, as well, for later review. And just imagine if class could be easily " taped " for students who are absent? What if they could even be streamed and seen from home instantly? The iPod is a little trickier, because its function varies greatly by model. At its heart , it is a media player, and I know for a fact that many students work better while listening to music. For this reason, they can have a good effect by keeping students from getting too distracted while working ( ironic , because we mostly think of them AS distractions!). If it is a WIFI compatible model, and wireless internet is available, the iPod can be a great tool for looking up information or digging into things more deeply. Depending on the model, it may be able to act as a camera and video recorder as well (with the same benefits as the cell phone). Devices like the Kindle could, conceivably, make learning a lot easier. Imagine carrying all your textbooks in the palm of your hand, rather than strapped to your back! Though expensive, compared to buying new textbooks, the Kindle is a bargain. Many of the books used in high school English classes are actually FREE on the Kindle. 11. The passage mainly discusses ____. A. how some electronic devices are used in education B. how to use electronic devices in the classroom C. what is the best electronic device used in education D. which electronic device will be used as the textbooks 12. The word " it ' in the passage refers to ____. A. the power B. the world C. the rest of the world D. the main use 13. The phrase " at the mercy of " mostly means ____. A. completely dependent on B. at request of C. thankful to D. under orders 14. According to the passage, cell phones do NOT ____. A. help students keep in touch with their friends B. allow students to capture of memories C. help students record audio of a lecture D. enable students to write their assignment 15. The word " which " in the passage refers to ____. A. building better relationships B. achieving higher self-esteem C. that relationships lead to higher self-esteem D. having higher-esteem and lower isolation 16. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word " taped "? A. recorded B. reviewed C. streamed D. seen 17. The phrase " At its heart " mostly refers to ____. A. the main function B. the core part C. the central unit D. the best usage 18. The word " ironic " is closest in meaning to ____. A. lucky B. special C. funny D. particular 19. Which of the following is NOT true about the iPod according to the passage? A. The iPod can be used to make phone calls. B. The iPod can be connected to the Internet. C. The iPod can be used to record videos D. The iPod comes in different models. 20. Which of the following is true about the kindle according to the passage? A. The Kindle is more economical than new textbooks. B. Everything read on the Kindle is free of charge. C. The Kindle comes in different models as the iPod does. D. You cannot listen to music with a Kindle
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Giúp tớ với nhé London's cycle hire scheme A. London is a 'world city': one of the most important economic and financial hubs in the world. It has a population of around eight million people and contains hundreds of iconic buildings which are recognized over the world. London receives around 20 million visitors each year, a large proportion from overseas, who mingle with further millions of people who travel into the city from a wide area to work in the central area. It is frequently...
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Giúp tớ với nhé

London's cycle hire scheme

A. London is a 'world city': one of the most important economic and financial hubs in the world. It has a population of around eight million people and contains hundreds of iconic buildings which are recognized over the world. London receives around 20 million visitors each year, a large proportion from overseas, who mingle with further millions of people who travel into the city from a wide area to work in the central area. It is frequently rated as providing the most satisfying 'cultural experience' for visitors to any city.

B. One of the challenges involved in managing (and living in) such a huge city is the abity to mo ve people efficiently around it, for the purposes of work and leisure, and at reasonable cost. The London blackberry cab is one responese to this problem. The much quoted result of million of daily vehicle fondements is a very low average speed for traffic on London's roads and frequent suggestion problems.

C. Many cities have taken steps to reduce the amount of traffic on the roads by adopting a range of measures which can broadly be described as either 'carrots' or 'sticks': those which eigher promote, or discourage certain activity. London has already been forced into trying a number of measures to reduce traffic congestion. There have included:

.Traffic management systems which included the world's first traffic light. It was installed outside the Houses of Parliament in 1868 to reduce congestion in this area.

.An underground system which was the first in the world. The first section opened in 1863, and the network is still developing. Since 2003, it has been managed by Transport for London. The classic London Tube map forms part of city's cultural heritage, and has been much copied and adapted elsewhere.

• The Cross Rail development: due to provide high frequency
rail services through two new tunnels under Central London from 2017.

• The congestion charging system – introduced in 2003, and extended in 2007 - charges many motorists (there are some exemptions) £10 to enter the central charging zone between 7am-6pm Monday to Friday.

• The Oyster card – an automated charging system which speeds up the use of public transport using a specially chipped card, which can be pre-charged with ‘credit’.

D. The latest solution is the Barclays London Cycle Hire Scheme. In 2010, London joined a growing list of cities that had turned to the bicycle for a possible solution to traffi c congestion. Cities like Amsterdam have long since been associated with bicycles. Other cities that already have cycle hire schemes include Paris, Copenhagen and Barcelona. In Paris, the system is known as the Velib scheme, a word which merges the word for bicycle with
freedom. It is funded by advertising. The London scheme was launched on the 30th July 2010 with an initial total of 5,000 bikes spread around 315 locations, with plans for further extensions. The bikes are fairly robust so that they can withstand the knocks of daily use. The are fitted with dyamo-powered LED lights, have three gears, achain guard and a bell. Each bike is also fitted with a Radio frequency Identification (RFID) chip, so that its location can be tracked. The bkes have puncture-proof tyres and are regularly checked over the mechanical faults.

E. It is hoped that people will experience London in a more direct way. Instead of descending into the earth, they will cycle the streets and thus gain “a different view” of London and improve their own mental maps of the city. They will also be getting exercise, which in an age of soaring obesity rates can only be a good thing, can’t it?
Enough reading, time for you to get out there and start pedalling!

Complete the summary below with ONE WORD from the passage

London, with a…………….of around eight million people and 20 visitors each year, has been facing the problem of reducing traffic…………… It has already been forced into finding a few……………. The Barclays London Cycle Hire System was……………in 2010 in the hope of providing a……………for the existing transport……………. The money that was necessary to have a scheme like this was sourced from…………..and allowed London to have 5000 bikes initially, but there are likely to be…………..to the scheme. The bikes have a tracking……………., are properly equipped and regularly…………..

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Giúp tớ với nhé London's cycle hire scheme A. London is a 'world city': one of the most important economic and financial hubs in the world. It has a population of around eight million people and contains hundreds of iconic buildings which are recognized over the world. London receives around 20 million visitors each year, a large proportion from overseas, who mingle with further millions of people who travel into the city from a wide area to work in the central area. It is frequently...
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Giúp tớ với nhé

London's cycle hire scheme

A. London is a 'world city': one of the most important economic and financial hubs in the world. It has a population of around eight million people and contains hundreds of iconic buildings which are recognized over the world. London receives around 20 million visitors each year, a large proportion from overseas, who mingle with further millions of people who travel into the city from a wide area to work in the central area. It is frequently rated as providing the most satisfying 'cultural experience' for visitors to any city.

B. One of the challenges involved in managing (and living in) such a huge city is the abity to mo ve people efficiently around it, for the purposes of work and leisure, and at reasonable cost. The London blackberry cab is one responese to this problem. The much quoted result of million of daily vehicle fondements is a very low average speed for traffic on London's roads and frequent suggestion problems.

C. Many cities have taken steps to reduce the amount of traffic on the roads by adopting a range of measures which can broadly be described as either 'carrots' or 'sticks': those which eigher promote, or discourage certain activity. London has already been forced into trying a number of measures to reduce traffic congestion. There have included:

.Traffic management systems which included the world's first traffic light. It was installed outside the Houses of Parliament in 1868 to reduce congestion in this area.

.An underground system which was the first in the world. The first section opened in 1863, and the network is still developing. Since 2003, it has been managed by Transport for London. The classic London Tube map forms part of city's cultural heritage, and has been much copied and adapted elsewhere.

• The Cross Rail development: due to provide high frequency
rail services through two new tunnels under Central London from 2017.

• The congestion charging system – introduced in 2003, and extended in 2007 - charges many motorists (there are some exemptions) £10 to enter the central charging zone between 7am-6pm Monday to Friday.

• The Oyster card – an automated charging system which speeds up the use of public transport using a specially chipped card, which can be pre-charged with ‘credit’.

D. The latest solution is the Barclays London Cycle Hire Scheme. In 2010, London joined a growing list of cities that had turned to the bicycle for a possible solution to traffi c congestion. Cities like Amsterdam have long since been associated with bicycles. Other cities that already have cycle hire schemes include Paris, Copenhagen and Barcelona. In Paris, the system is known as the Velib scheme, a word which merges the word for bicycle with
freedom. It is funded by advertising. The London scheme was launched on the 30th July 2010 with an initial total of 5,000 bikes spread around 315 locations, with plans for further extensions. The bikes are fairly robust so that they can withstand the knocks of daily use. The are fitted with dyamo-powered LED lights, have three gears, achain guard and a bell. Each bike is also fitted with a Radio frequency Identification (RFID) chip, so that its location can be tracked. The bkes have puncture-proof tyres and are regularly checked over the mechanical faults.

E. It is hoped that people will experience London in a more direct way. Instead of descending into the earth, they will cycle the streets and thus gain “a different view” of London and improve their own mental maps of the city. They will also be getting exercise, which in an age of soaring obesity rates can only be a good thing, can’t it?
Enough reading, time for you to get out there and start pedalling!

Complete the summary below with ONE WORD from the passage

London, with a…………….of around eight million people and 20 visitors each year, has been facing the problem of reducing traffic…………… It has already been forced into finding a few……………. The Barclays London Cycle Hire System was……………in 2010 in the hope of providing a……………for the existing transport……………. The money that was necessary to have a scheme like this was sourced from…………..and allowed London to have 5000 bikes initially, but there are likely to be…………..to the scheme. The bikes have a tracking……………., are properly equipped and regularly…………..

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