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Ta có bất đẳng thức AM-GM dạng phân thức sau:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b})\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b
Quay lại bài toán: Áp dụng bđt trên, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{(x+y)+(x+z)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z})\\ \le\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z})=\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z})\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z})\); \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z})\)
Cộng 3 phân thức lại, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z})=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
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lớn hơn hoặc bằng ba căn ba nhé bạn. sorry nha, minh quên mất
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)(x+x+y+z)\geq (1+1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{16}{2x+y+z}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{16}{x+2y+z}\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{2}{z}\geq \frac{16}{x+y+2z}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT vừa thu được:
\(\Rightarrow 4\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\geq 16\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow 16\geq 16\left(\frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2x+y+z}+\frac{1}{x+2y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y+2z}\leq 1\)
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{16}{16\left(x+x+y+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}=\dfrac{16}{16\left(x+y+y+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}=\dfrac{16}{16\left(x+y+z+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Cộng từng vế của BĐT ta được :
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Vậy BĐT đã được chứng minh !
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BĐT bên trái rất đơn giản, chỉ cần áp dụng:
\(x^3+x^3+y^3\ge3x^2y\) ; tương tự và cộng lại và được
Ta chứng minh BĐT bên phải:
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4=\dfrac{1}{8}\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]^2\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{8}.4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;1\right)\) và hoán vị
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\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+x+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tuong tu : \(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{2}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\)
=> \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{16}.\left[4.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\right]=1\left(dpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế suy ra đpcm. \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
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Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}};y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}};z+x\ge2\sqrt{xz}=2\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}.\)( vì xyz=1)
=> P\(\ge\)\(\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}\)+ \(\frac{2y\sqrt{y}}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{z}}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}\\b=z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}\\c=x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}\end{cases}\left(a;b;c\ge0\right)}\)<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}4a+b=2c+9z\sqrt{z}\\4b+c=2a+9x\sqrt{x}\\4c+a=2b+9y\sqrt{y}\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}z\sqrt{z}=\frac{4a+b-2c}{9}\\x\sqrt{x}=\frac{4b+c-2a}{9}\\y\sqrt{y}=\frac{4c+a-2b}{9}\end{cases}}\)
Do đó:
P \(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{9}\cdot\left(\frac{4a+b-2c}{c}+\frac{4b+c-2a}{a}+\frac{4c+a-2b}{b}\right)\)
<=> P \(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{9}\left(4\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)-6\right)\)
<=> P \(\ge\frac{2}{9}\cdot\left(4\cdot3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{c}\cdot\frac{b}{a}\cdot\frac{c}{b}}+3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\frac{b}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}\cdot\frac{a}{b}}-6\right)\)( Áp dụng BĐT Cô si cho 3 số ko âm)
<=> P \(\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(12+3-6\right)=2\)( đpcm)
Dấu = khi x=y=z=1.
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\(\dfrac{x^3}{2y+1}+\dfrac{2y+1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{x^3\left(2y+1\right)}{27\left(2y+1\right)}}=x\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{y^3}{2z+1}+\dfrac{2z+1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge y\) ; \(\dfrac{z^3}{2x+1}+\dfrac{2x+1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{3}\ge z\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)+3}{9}+1\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{7}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)-\dfrac{4}{3}\ge\dfrac{7}{9}.3\sqrt[3]{xyz}-\dfrac{4}{3}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
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áp dụng bđt schwarts ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2x+1}+\frac{1}{2y+1}+\frac{1}{2z+1}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2x+2y+2z+3}\ge\frac{9}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{2x+1}+1-\frac{1}{2y+1}+1-\frac{1}{2z+1}\le3-\frac{9}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x}{2x+1}+\frac{2y}{2y+1}+\frac{2z}{2z+1}\le\frac{12}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2x+1}+\frac{y}{2y+1}+\frac{z}{2z+1}\le\frac{6}{7}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=2/3