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áp dụng BĐT cauchy cho 3 số thực dương:
\(\sqrt{\frac{OA}{OP}}+\sqrt{\frac{OB}{OQ}}+\sqrt{\frac{OC}{OR}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{\frac{OA}{OP}.\frac{OB}{OQ}.\frac{OC}{OR}}}\)(1)
xét tích \(\frac{OA}{OP}.\frac{OB}{OQ}.\frac{OC}{OR}=\left(\frac{AP}{OP}-1\right)\left(\frac{BQ}{OQ}-1\right)\left(\frac{CR}{OR}-1\right)\)(2)
áp dụng hệ quả định lý tales:OK//AH(cùng vuông góc với BC)
\(\rightarrow\frac{AP}{OP}=\frac{AH}{OK}=\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{BOC}}\)(2 tam giác chung cạnh đáy)
làm tương tự :\(\frac{BQ}{OQ}=\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{AOC}}\);\(\frac{CR}{OR}=\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{AOB}}\)
thế vào (2): \(\left(\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{BOC}}-1\right)\left(\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{AOC}}-1\right)\left(\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{AOB}}-1\right)=\frac{\left(S_{AOB}+S_{AOC}\right)\left(S_{AOB}+S_{BOC}\right)\left(S_{AOC}+S_{BOC}\right)}{S_{AOB}.S_{BOC}.S_{AOC}}\)
để biểu thực gọn hơn ta đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix}S_{AOB}=x\\S_{AOC}=y\\S_{BOC}=z\end{matrix}\right.\),biểu thức trở thành
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}\)
áp dụng BĐT cauchy cho 2 số dương:\(\left\{\begin{matrix}a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\\b+c\ge2\sqrt{bc}\\c+a\ge2\sqrt{ac}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge8abc\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}\ge8\)(3)
từ (1),(2) và (3):\(\sqrt{\frac{OA}{OP}}+\sqrt{\frac{OB}{OQ}}+\sqrt{\frac{OC}{OR}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\sqrt{8}}=3\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^3}=3\sqrt{2}\)
dấu = xảy ra khi:\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{OA}{OP}=\frac{OB}{OQ}=\frac{OC}{OR}\\S_{AOB}=S_{BOC}=S_{COA}\end{matrix}\right.\)chứng tỏ O là trọng tâm của tam giác ABC
Ta có : \(\frac{OM}{AM}=\frac{S_{BOC}}{S_{ABC}}\) ; \(\frac{ON}{BN}=\frac{S_{AOC}}{S_{ABC}}\) ; \(\frac{OP}{CP}=\frac{S_{AOB}}{S_{ABC}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{OM}{AM}+\frac{ON}{BN}+\frac{OP}{CP}=\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{ABC}}=1\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopxki, ta có :
\(\frac{AM}{OM}+\frac{BN}{ON}+\frac{CP}{OP}=\left(\frac{AM}{OM}+\frac{BN}{ON}+\frac{CP}{OP}\right).\left(\frac{OM}{AM}+\frac{ON}{BN}+\frac{OP}{CP}\right)\ge\)
\(\ge\left(\sqrt{\frac{AM}{OM}.\frac{OM}{AM}}+\sqrt{\frac{BN}{ON}.\frac{ON}{BN}}+\sqrt{\frac{CP}{OP}.\frac{OP}{CP}}\right)^2=\left(1+1+1\right)^2=9\)
Vậy \(\frac{AM}{OM}+\frac{BN}{ON}+\frac{CP}{OP}\ge9\) (đpcm)
Đặt \(S_{BOC}=x^2,S_{AOC}=y^2,S_{AOB}=z^2\) \(\Rightarrow S_{ABC}=S_{BOC}+S_{AOC}+S_{AOB}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
Ta có : \(\frac{AD}{OD}=\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{BOC}}=\frac{AO+OD}{OD}=1+\frac{AO}{OD}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x^2}=1+\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{AO}{OD}=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{AO}{OD}}=\sqrt{\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{y^2+z^2}}{x}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\sqrt{\frac{OB}{OE}}=\sqrt{\frac{x^2+z^2}{y^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{x^2+z^2}}{y};\sqrt{\frac{OC}{OF}}=\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2}{z^2}}=\frac{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}{z}+\frac{\sqrt{y^2+z^2}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{x^2+z^2}}{y}\ge\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{2}z}+\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{2}x}+\frac{x+z}{\sqrt{2}y}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left[\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\right)+\left(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\right)\right]\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(2+2+2\right)=3\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\Rightarrow S_{BOC}=S_{AOC}=S_{AOB}=\frac{1}{3}S_{ABC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{OD}{OA}=\frac{OE}{OB}=\frac{OF}{OC}=\frac{1}{3}\Rightarrow\)O là trọng tâm của tam giác ABC
Vậy \(MinP=3\sqrt{2}\) khi O là trọng tâm của tam giác ABC
Đặt \(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=k\)
Ta có \(\sqrt[3]{k}=\sqrt[3]{a}m=\sqrt[3]{b}n=\sqrt[3]{c}p=\frac{\sqrt[3]{a}}{\frac{1}{m}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{b}}{\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{c}}{\frac{1}{p}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}}{\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}}=\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\) \(\left(TCDTSBN\right)\)\(\left(1\right)\)
Ta cũng có \(k=\frac{am^2}{\frac{1}{m}}=\frac{bn^2}{\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{cp^2}{\frac{1}{p}}=\frac{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}{\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}}=am^2+bn^2+cp^2\) \(\left(TCDTSBN\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}=\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}=\sqrt[3]{k}\)
cách khác nhé:
Đặt: \(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=k^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(a=\frac{k^3}{m^3};\)\(b=\frac{k^3}{n^3};\)\(c=\frac{k^3}{p^3}\)
Ta có:
\(VT=\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{m^3}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{n^3}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{p^3}}\)
\(=\frac{k}{m}+\frac{k}{n}+\frac{k}{p}=k\left(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}\right)=k\) (do 1/m + 1/n + 1/p = 1)
\(VP=\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{\frac{k^3}{m^3}.m^2+\frac{k^3}{n^3}.n^2+\frac{k^3}{p^3}.p^2}\)
\(=\sqrt[3]{k^3\left(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}\right)}=\sqrt[3]{k^3}=k\) (do 1/m + 1/n + 1/p = 1)
suy ra: \(VT=VP=k\) (đpcm)
=>\(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=\frac{am^3}{m}+\frac{bn^3}{n}+\frac{cp^3}{p}\)
=>\(am^3=bn^3=cp^3=am^2+bn^2+cp^2\)
\(\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}=m\sqrt[3]{a}=n\sqrt[3]{b}=p\sqrt[3]{c}\)
=>\(\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}.1=m\sqrt[3]{a}.\left(\frac{1}{m}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{p}\right)=\frac{m\sqrt[3]{a}}{m}+\frac{n\sqrt[3]{b}}{n}+\frac{p\sqrt[3]{c}}{p}\)
\(\sqrt[3]{am^2+bn^2+cp^2}=\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\)
a. Đặt \(S_{AOB}=c^2;S_{BOC}=a^2;S_{COA}=b^2\Rightarrow S_{ABC}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Ta có \(\frac{AM}{OM}=\frac{S_{ABC}}{S_{BOC}}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2}=1+\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}\)
Vậy thì \(\frac{OA}{OM}=\frac{AM}{OM}-1=\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{OA}{OM}}=\sqrt{\frac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{OA}{OM}}+\sqrt{\frac{OB}{ON}}+\sqrt{\frac{OC}{OP}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}\right)\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.6=3\sqrt{2}\)