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\(a^5-a=a\left(a^4-1\right)=a\left(a^2-1\right)\left(a^2+1\right).\)
\(=a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4+5\right)\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-4\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
\(=\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
Vì \(\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)là tích của 5 số tự nhiên liên tiếp
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)\)\(⋮\)\(5\)
Mà \(5\)\(⋮\)\(5\)\(\Rightarrow5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)\(⋮\)\(5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a-1\right)a\left(a+1\right)\left(a+2\right)+5a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)\(⋮\)\(5\)
Hay \(a^5-a\)\(⋮\)\(5\)\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2:
1) \(x^2-4x+4=\left(x-2\right)^2\)
2) \(x^2-9=x^2-3^2=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
3) \(1-8x^3=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x+4x^2\right)\)
4) \(\left(x-y\right)^2-9x^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(3x\right)^2=\left(x-y-3x\right)\left(x-y+3x\right)=\left(-2x-y\right)\left(4x-y\right)\)
5) \(\dfrac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x-8y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x+8y\right)\)
6) \(8x^3-\dfrac{1}{8}=\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
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= \(-\left(x^2+4xy+4y^2\right)\)
= \(-\left(x+2y\right)^2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1: \(\left(x^2+x\right)^2+3\left(x^2+x\right)+2=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)\)
2: \(\left(x^2+x\right)^2+4x^2+4x-12\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+x\right)-12\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+6\right)\left(x^2+x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+6\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
c) 17^19 + 19^17 = (17^19 + 1) + (19^17
- 1)
17^19 + 1 chia hết cho 17 + 1 = 18 và 19^17
- 1 chia hết cho 19 - 1 = 18 nên (17^19 + 1) + (19^17
- 1)
hay 17^19 + 19^17 chia hết cho 18